Abd. Ultrasound Flashcards
For the following organs, give whether they would be seen on a transcutaneous vs transrectal vs both ultrasound:
- Stomach
- Duodenum
- Small intestine
- Cecum
- Large colon
- Small colon
- Liver
- Spleen
- Abdominal lnn
- Kidneys
- Bladder
- Gravid uterus
- Non-gravid uterus and ovaries
- Aorta
- Mesenteric root
- Stomach (Transcutaneous)
- Duodenum (Transcutaneous)
- Small intestine (Both)
- Cecum (Both)
- Large colon (Both)
- Small colon (Transrectal)
- Liver (Transcutaneous)
- Spleen (Both)
- Abdominal lnn (Transrectal)
- Kidneys (For left both, for right transcutaneous)
- Bladder (Both)
- Gravid uterus (Transcutaneous)
- Non-gravid uterus and ovaries (Transrectal)
- Aorta (Transrectal)
- Mesenteric root (Transrectal + a long arm)
(T/F) The lower frequency probe you use for ultrasound, the greater depth of penetration you achieve but at the cost of detail.
(T, opposite is also true)
For the following organs, state whether they would best be imaged on the right or left or both side(s) of the horse:
- Right kidney
- Duodenum
- Spleen
- Cecum
- Jejunum
- Liver
- Stomach
- Small colon
- Right kidney (Hmm I’m not sure, maybe the right?)
- Duodenum (Right)
- Spleen (Left)
- Cecum (Right)
- Jejunum (Both)
- Liver (Bothish, mostly right but sometimes left)
- Stomach (Left)
- Small colon (Left)
What do you want to evaluate about the organs you are looking at on ultrasound?
(Location, size, shape, margins, echogenicity)
As horses age and the liver atrophies normally, what side of the horse will it shift to?
(The right, will lose the ability to view it on the left at all)
(T/F) The bile ducts are typically not seen on an ultrasound of the liver unless they are distended.
(T)
(T/F) The spleen is hypoechoic compared to the liver.
(F, the spleen is hyperechoic compared to the liver aka will appear brighter than the liver)
It can be difficult to get great parenchymal detail on the left kidney, what is primarily the goal of viewing that kidney?
(To make sure it is tucked up next to the spleen and there is no GIT stuck between them on the nephrosplenic ligament)
(T/F) The kidneys are hypoechoic compared to both the liver and the spleen.
(T, kidney < liver < spleen)
What do you want to assess about the GIT when performing an ultrasound?
(Diameter, motility, wall thickness, location, and contents)
Normal small intestines do not dilate larger than what diameter?
(5-6 cm and they should be consistently moving)
Give the echogenicity of the following layers of the GIT:
- Serosa
- Muscularis
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
- Serosa (hyperechoic)
- Muscularis (hypoechoic)
- Submucosa (hyperechoic)
- Mucosa (hypoechoic)
Everywhere in the GIT should be 3-4 mm in thickness except where?
(The stomach, can be up to 7.5 mm)
Jejunum is best visualized by placing your ultrasound probe where on the horse?
(The left inguinal area, can see it anywhere normally but this area is optimal d/t less hair and superficial positioning of jejunum there)
Using other organs as markers/descriptors, where can you find the duodenum on ultrasound of a horse’s abdomen?
(Cranial to the cranial poll of the right kidney or deep to the liver)
