NEURO EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
Head circumference of an average term infant
A
- 34-35 cm at birth,
- 44 cm at 6 mo,
- 47 cm at 1 yr of age
2
Q
2 fontanels at birth
A
- A diamond-shaped anterior fontanel at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones that is open at birth
- A triangular posterior fontanel at the junction of the parietal and occipital bones that can admit the tip of a finger or may be closed at birth
3
Q
- gestational age, a premature infant blinks in
response to a bright light - the infant maintains eye closure until the light source is removed.
- turns the head and eyes toward a soft light, and a
term infant is able to fix on and follow a target, such as the examiner’s face.
A
- 28 WK
- 32 WK
- 37 WK
4
Q
- Assess the posterior segment of the eye using the
- Normal results shows
A
- red reflex test
- symmetric reddish-pink retinal reflections
5
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
A
- Oculomotor (Cranial Nerve Ill),
- Trochlear (Cranial Nerve IV),
- Abducens Nerves (Cranial Nerve VI)
- Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
- Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve X!})
- Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
6
Q
refers to muscle tissue that has been replaced
by fat and connective tissue, giving ita bulky appearance with a paradoxical reduction in strength, as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
A
Pseudohypertrophy
7
Q
3 key tests for assessing postural tone in neonates
A
- the traction response,
- vertical suspension,
- horizontal suspension
8
Q
Timing of Selected Primitive Reflexes
Onset: 28 wk GA
Fully Developed: 32 wk GA
Duration: 2-3 mo postnatal
A
Palmar grasp
9
Q
Timing of Selected Primitive Reflexes
Onset: 32 wk GA
Fully Developed: 36 wk GA
Duration: less prominent after 1 mo postnatal
A
Rooting
10
Q
- Soft Tissue of the Scalp
- Presenting part
- May extend across the midline and across suture lines
- Edema disappears within the 1” few days of life
- No treatment
A
Caput Succedaneum
11
Q
- Subperiosteal hemorrhage
- Firm tense mass with a palpable rim localized over 1 area of the skull
- Reabsorbed within 2wks-3mos
- Calcify by end of the 2nd week
- No treatment
- Associated with skull fracture, usually linear10-25%
- May develop hyperbilirubinemia
A
Cephalhematoma
12
Q
- Beneath the aponeurosis
- Secondary to rupture of emissary veins connecting the dural sinuses within the skull with the superficial veins of the scalp
- Associated with vacuum delivery
- Fluctuating mass that straddles cranial sutures or fontanels that increases in size after birth
- Resolve over 2-3 wk
A
Subgaleal hemorrhage
13
Q
Fractures of the skull
- Most common
- result of pressure from forceps or from the maternal symphysis pubis, sacral promontory, or ischial spines
- Asymptomatic
- No treatment needed
A
Linear
14
Q
Fractures of the skull
- complication of forceps delivery or fetal compression
- usually indentations of the calvaria similar to the dents in a ping-pong ball
- advisable to elevate severe depressions to prevent cortical injury from sustained pressure
A
Depressed
15
Q
- May have acute deterioration on the 2. and 3 day of life
- Hypotension, apnea, pallor, or cyanosis
- Poor suck, abnormal eye signs, high-pitched, shrill cry
- Convulsions, or decrease muscle tone
- Metabolic acidosis, shock
- Decrease hematrocrit or failure of the hematocrit to increase after transfusion
A
Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
