neuro disorders

Question 1

A state where a stimulus that ordinarily would be slightly painful is perceived as very painful

Answer 1

hyperalgesia

Question 2

A state where a stimulus would ordinarily be harmless is perceived as painful

Answer 2

allodynia

Question 3

when nerve fibers are impaired, such as in chronic conditions…

Answer 3

neuropathy

Question 4

am autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 4

myasthenia gravis

Question 5

myasthenia gravis results from degeneration of the _____

Answer 5

neuromuscular junction

Question 6

neurons from spinal cord to skeletal muscles - causing contractions

Answer 6

lower motor neurons

Question 7

signs of lower motor lesion

Answer 7

weakness, hypoactive stretch reflex response, flaccidity, muscle atrophy

Question 8

diseases associated with death of spinal cord motor neurons

Answer 8

polio, lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy

Question 9

Sciatic and carpal tunnel syndrome are associated with

Answer 9

lower motor neuron lesion

Question 10

presentation of upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 10

arm flexion and pronation, leg extension to affected side. Lack of fine hand movements, hyperreflexia.

Question 11

weakness, loss of fine coordinated movements, hyperreflexia, spasticity, rigidity in arm flexor and leg extensor

Answer 11

upper motor neuron lesion

Question 12

example of an upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 12

stroke or other damage to motor cortex in the brain.

Question 13

death of DA neurons in the substantia nigra

Answer 13

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 14

overactivity of excitatory acetylcholine transmission in the striatum

Answer 14

Parkinson’s disease

Question 15

Resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity

Answer 15

Parkinson’s disease

Question 16

accumulation of proteins in the brain

Answer 16

Parkinson’s Disease with Lewy bodies

Question 17

formulation of amyloid B aggresgates creating plaques

Answer 17

Alzheimer Disease

Question 18

Phosphorylation of Tau protein leading to tangle formation in the extracellular space

Answer 18

Alzheimer disease

Question 19

Buildup of B-amyloid protein (plaques) between neurons

Answer 19

Alzheimer disease

Question 20

90% of CVAs due to

Answer 20

thromboembolism

Question 21

hemorrhagic strokes are often due to ___

Answer 21

aneurysm or hypertension

Question 22

stroke-like manifestations that resolve spontaneously

Answer 22

TIA

Question 23

Often affects basal ganglia and internal capsule with severe motor manifestations

Answer 23

CVA

Question 24

Increased amygdala and hippocampal activity

Answer 24

Anxiety

Question 25

Decreased PFC activity

Answer 25

anxiety

Question 26

Common somatic symptoms (GI or CV)

Answer 26

Anxiety

Question 27

3 types of headaches

Answer 27

migraine, tension, secondary

Question 28

migraine pathogenesis

Answer 28

generalized cerebral vasodilation

Question 29

management of migraines

Answer 29

vasoconstrictors, antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide