neuro chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Hans Selye believe about stress?

A

He believed it was all associated with glucocorticoids

Stress was short term adaptation before going back to homeostasis

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2
Q

What was Hans Selye’s main contribution to stress research?

A

He found that physical and psychological stress worked through the same system

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3
Q

What is the HPA axis?

A

The hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis

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4
Q

What role does the hypothalamus play in the HPA axis

A

the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus contains corticotropin releasing hormone

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5
Q

What role does the anterior pituitary play in the HPA axis

A

Contains adrenocorticotropic hormone aka corticotropin

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6
Q

What role does the adrenal cortex play in the HPA axis

A

it is responsible for glucocorticoids

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7
Q

Fast negative feedback in the HPA axis comes from

A

inhibition of corticotropin release factor from the paraventricular nucleus

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8
Q

Slow negative feedback in the HPA axis comes from

A

inhibition of ACTH gene transcription (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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9
Q

What structures inhibit the HPA axis?

A

hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

What structures excite the HPA axis?

A

The amygdala

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11
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are synthesized in the…

A

adrenal medulla

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12
Q

Corticosteroids are synthesized in the

A

Adrenal cortex

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13
Q

Phenylalanine is converted into…

A

L-dopa to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine

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14
Q

Testosterone and progesterone

A

reduce stress response

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15
Q

Estrogens

A

potentiate the stress response

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16
Q

What is the common sense view of emotion?

A

Stimulus leads to emotion which leads to body response

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17
Q

What is the James-lang theory of emotion?

A

Stimulus leads to response which leads to emotion

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18
Q

What is the cannon bard theory of emotion?

A

Stimulus leads to both the response and emotion at the same time

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19
Q

What is the modern biopsychological view of emotion?

A

The stimulus, emotion, and response all interact with eachother

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20
Q

What is kluver-bucy syndrome?

A

a cerebral neurological disorder caused by bilateral amygdala damage

leads to memory loss, sexual behavior, placidity

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21
Q

What are the 6 primary emotions?

A

Surprise, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, happiness

22
Q

What are the 3 new primary emotions?

A

Pride, embarrassment, contempt

23
Q

What is the system that controls emotion in our faces

A

THE EMFACS emotional faces action coding system

24
Q

What do the orbicularis oculi and zygomaticus muscles control?

A

Smiling

25
Q

What does the corrugator muscle control?

A

Frowning in anger (above eyes)

26
Q

What does the levator muscle control?

A

Disgust (lifts upper lip)

27
Q

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

A

The severity of the emotion we feel is based on the expressions we make

28
Q

What was wrong with the power pose study?

A

It relies mostly on subjective results, not a lot of physiological markets

29
Q

What are micro expressions?

A

Brief facial emotions that reveal true emotions

30
Q

The duchenne smile…

A

is genuine because it uses eyes and mouth

31
Q

The pan-am smile is fake because…

A

it is mouth only smile, eyes remain neutral

32
Q

What are the 2 catagories of interspecific aggression?

A

Offensive (predatory) and defensive (antipredatory)

33
Q

What are the 3 subcatagories of intraspecific offensive aggression?

A

Competitive Territorial Dominance

34
Q

What are the 2 subcatagories of intraspecific defensive aggression?

A

Maternal and subordination

35
Q

What did konrad lorenz believe of agression?

A

Aggression is inevitable and people look for outlets

36
Q

What did konrad lorenz fail to acknowledge in his aggression theory?

A

That consequences of actions affect future actions

37
Q

Instrumental aggression is ____ and involves the ____

A

is premeditated and involves the prefrontal cortex

38
Q

Impulsive aggression requires _____ and involves the _____

A

requires arousal and involves the limbic system

39
Q

Aggression in adolescence shifts from limbic to prefrontal cortical meaning…

A

it becomes less impulsive

40
Q

How does serotonin influence aggression?

A

Higher serotonin reduces aggressive behavior

41
Q

What does monoamine oxidase A do?

A

It degrades norep, serotonin, and dopamine after reuptake

42
Q

What does DAT do?

A

Dopamine transporter, helps with dopamine reuptake

43
Q

MAO-A can present itself in 2 types, high and low. Males with MAO-A low show

A

higher rates of aggression than males with monoamine oxidase A - low

44
Q

What is important about the rhesus macaques and fear?

A

They can learn to fear something based on fear they observe in others

45
Q

What is thigmotaxis?

A

Wall following

46
Q

As a predatory threat approaches, neural activity switches from the…

A

forebrain to the mid brain

47
Q

The amygdala is responsible for…

A

Adding emotional significance to another stimulus

48
Q

information about conditioned and unconditioned fear stimulus converges in the

A

Lateral amygdala and the basal amygdala

49
Q

The hippocampus is responsible for the ____ of fear

A

memory of fear conditioning

50
Q

What is urbach wiethe disease?

A

casued by calcification of the amygdala. cant show or regognize fear emotions

51
Q
A