Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

WRITTEN REVALIDA PART 2 > NEURO-BEHMED > Flashcards

NEURO-BEHMED Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep Stage

Eyelids begin to drop, Muscles start to Relax
Loss of ALPHA WAVES
Presence of VERTEX SHARP WAVES
but no sleep spindles
Lasts for 5 to 10 minutes
A

Stage 1 NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sleep Stage

Presence of HIGH VOLTAGE VERTEX WAVES WITH SLEEP SPINDLES (7 to 14 Hz lasting for 0.5 secs)
Lasts for 15 to 30 minutes

A

Stage 2 NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sleep stage aka DEEP SLEEP
>50% occupied by high voltage delta waves
Lasts 30 to 45 minutes

A

Stage 3 NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sleep stage
Low voltage intermixed cerebral activity with absent muscle tone
(+) Saw tooth waves
Appears 90-100 minutes in young adults
State of paradoxical sleep which means your metabolic activity brain function is similar to the in wakefulness

A

REM

Low voltage intermixed cerebral activity with absent muscle tone but rapid eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HORNERY’S SYNDROME

3 characteristics

A

Ptosis
Myosis
Anhidrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Imaging Studies of Alzheimer’s

CSF Studies of Alzheimer’s

A

Imaging:
Diffuse Cortical Atrophy
Hippocampal Atrophy

CSF:
BETA AMYLOID
PHOSPHORYLATED TAU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathology of Alzheimer’s

A 
Neuritic Plaques (amyloid beta peptides accumulating extracellularly)
Neurofibrillary tangles (abnormally phosphorylated tau protein which accumulates intracellularly)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which motor cortex is involved in sensory guidance of movement, controls the more proximal muscles and trunk muslces

A

Premotor Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which motor cortex generates neural impulses that control the execution of movement

A

Primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which motor cortex is involved in transforming visual information into motor commands

A

Posterior Parietal Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which motor cortex is involved in the planning of complex movements and coordinating two-handed movements like typing

A

Supplementary Motor Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Charcot’s Triad

A

Multiple Sclerosis - Charcot’s Triad

Nystagmus
scanning speech
intention tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disease that results in demyelination and axonal degeneration of the brain and spinal cord

A

Multiple Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1st or earliest manifestation of MS

A

Optic Neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define the UHTHOFF PHENOMENON

A

a reversible exacerbation of neurological symptoms following an increase in body temperature ex. exercise, warm bath, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Presence of Multiple Oligoclonal Bands in CSF and their absence in the blood is highly suggestive of ________

A

Multiple Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic
In terms of:
Nerves - Alin ang T5-L2?
innervation - alin ang direct/indirect?
Where does sympathetic start?
neurotransmitter?
alin ang stimulatory? aling ang inhibitory?
A 
T5-L2 - Sympathetic
direct - para
distal 1/2 of large intestine to anus and para
Para - Ach
Sympa - NE
para - stimulatory (IKR baliktad) hahaha
^cos it stimulates Secretory and Motor Activity
Slide 366 of Jasshin ppt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dorsal column vs Anterolateral

Touch pressure, Position Sense, Vibration, Kinesthesia

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dorsal column vs Anterolateral

Pain, temp, crude-touch

A

Anterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dorsal column vs Anterolateral
Somatotrophic organiztion
alin ang strictly maintained?

A

Dorsal column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dorsal column vs Anterolateral
alin ang large myelinated?
alin ang small myelinated and unmyelinated?

A

large - dorsal

small - anterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dorsal column vs Anterolateral

alin ang nagbbrainstem termination sa VPL, posteiror nuclear group of thalamus, Brainstem reticular formation

A

Anterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dorsal column vs Anterolateral

Cerebral termination of both

A

Primary and Secondary somatic sensory cortices &

Somatic sensory association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FAST/INITIAL PAIN
Description
Pathway
Effect

A

Discrete, well-localized, pinprick sensation
A Delta fibers - > Spinothalamic Tract
topographically represented in cortex

Withdrawal Reflex and Sympathetic Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

SLOW/DELAYED PAIN
Description
Pathway
Effect

A

Poorly-localized, Dull, Burning sensation
C Fibers -> Spinoreticulothalamic
collaterals pass through reticular formation
produces emotional peretion, nausea, profuse sweating, lowering of BP
generalized reduction in skeletal muscle tone

26
Q

NEUROPATHIC PAIN - caused by
Facilitated by which neurotransmitters opening which channels?

Examples?

A

NEUROPATHIC PAIN - caused by damage to neural structures

faci: glutamate & aspartate –> opening of K channels**
inh: GABA & glycine –> Cl conductance across cell membranes

Diabetic Neuropathy, Herpes Zoster

27
Q 
DERMATOMAL LANDMARKS
T4 spinal nerve
T10  spinal nerve
L1
L5
S1
A 
DERMATOMAL LANDMARKS
T4 spinal nerve - nipple
T10  spinal nerve - umbsilicu
L1 - groin
L5 - big toe
S1 - small toe
28
Q 
DERMATOMAL LANDMARKS
nipple
umbsilicus
groin
big toe
small toe
A 
T4
T10
L1
L5
S1
29
Q

Matching type:
Neurotransmitter and corresponding cell

Norepinephrine
Glutamate, Aspartate
Dopamine
Raphe nuclei

A

NE - locus ceruleus of pons
Glumate, Aspartate - pyramidal cells
Dopamine - Substantia nigra pars compacta
Serotonin - Raphe Nuclei

30
Q

Americal Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale

A

Basta ASIA E yung intact all sensory and motor function :)
ASIA B, C, D (+) Sensation on S4-S5
Nagkakaiba lang sa if majority are graded 3/5 sa MMT
ASIA A - absence of motor or sensory function in the sacral segments S4-S5

31
Q

Pain-senstive vs. Pain Insensitive!!!!! HI YIELD

A 
JUST REMEMBER PAIN INSENSITIVE
PECPADS
Parenchyma of the brain
Ependyma
Choroid
Pia
Arachnoid
Dura over convexity
Skull
32
Q

PAIN INSENSITIVE STRUCTURES

PEPCPADS

A 
PECPADS
Parenchyma of the brain
Ependyma
Choroid
Pia
Arachnoid
Dura over convexity
Skull
33
Q

Homunculus shows the somatotrophic organization of different body parts on the cerebral cortex

lateral 1/3
middle 1/3
medial 1/3

A

lateral 1/3 - face
middle 1/3 - upper ex
medial 1/3 - lower ex, perianal areas

basta face yung pinakadulo mga nasa side

34
Q

CIRCLE OF WILLIS
Anterior circulation supplies
Posterior circulation supplies

A 
Ant Circ (80%) from ICA
Post Circ (20%) from Vertebral Artery
35
Q 
CIRCLE OF WILLIS
Ano sinusupply nila? 
MCA
ACA
PCA
BAsilar
A

MCA - lateral part of the cerebrum (UE, face)
ACA - supplies the medial part of the cerebrum (LE)
PCA - supplies occipital lobe, thalamus
BAsilar

36
Q

Lesion of the ACA will present as

A

contra lower extremity weakness, incontinence, impaired judgment

37
Q

Lesion of the MCA will present as

A

face and upper extremity motor deficit
language deficit
acalculia
apraxia

38
Q

Lesion of the PCA will present as

A

3rd nerve palsy
contra ataxia
hemiballismus

39
Q

Lesion of the Basilar Artery will present as

A

crossed motor/sensory syndrome

intranuclear opthalmoplegia

40
Q

UMNL vs LMNL
Alin ang may spastic paresis? flaccid paresis?
Alin ang may atrophy?
Alin ang increased DEEP TENDON REFLEXES?
Alin ang may pathologic reflex? (+) babinski
Alin ang may superficial reflexes?
Fasiculation and fibrillation?

A 
spastic paresis - Upper
flaccid - lower
atrophy - lower
DTR - upper
pathologic reflex - upper
superficial reflex and fasciculations - lower
41
Q

Broca’s vs Wernicke’s Aphasia?
Alin and motor/expressive aphasia?
Alin ang sensory/receptive aphasia?
Alin yung bobo, nakakapagsalita pero walang sense?
Alin yun hindi salita ng salita/non-fluent pero comprehension is spared?

A

Expressive aphasia - cannot express = broca’s pero nakakaunderstand

42
Q

broca’s area is at which gyrus?

wernicke’s area is at which gyrus?

A

inferior frontal gyrus

superior temporal gyrus

43
Q

Matching type
Cerebral cortex vs Brainstem

Contralateral face and body - alin to sa dalawa?
Ipsilateral face, contralateral body - alin to sa dalawa?

internal capsul stroke question thingyyy***

A

contra both - cortex

ipsi face contra body - brainstem

44
Q

Flow of CSF

A

Lateral ventricles –> interventricular foramen of marilyn –> 3rd ventricle –> aqueduct of sylvius –> 4th ventricle –> medial and lateral apertures –> subarachnoid space

45
Q

Parts of the brainstem plus corresponding CNs

A

Midbrain - 3,4
Pons - 5,6,7,8
Medulla - 9,10,11,12

46
Q

Lesion of the optic nerve

A

ipsilateral monocluar blindness

47
Q

Lesion of the oculomotor nerve***

A

Diplopia, Exotropia (Esotropia sa abducens nevrve prob)

Ptosis

Midriasis

48
Q

Lesion of the trochlear nerve

A

Vertical Diplopia

49
Q

Lesion of the abducens nerve

A

Esotropia (Internal Strabismus)

Horizontal diplopia

50
Q

Lesion of the facial nerve

A

bell’s palsy (whole ipsi side of the face)

51
Q

Lesion of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

BPPV, sensorineural hearing loss

52
Q

Lesion of the vagus nerve

A

contralateral deviation of the uvula (deviation toward the strong side cos hinihila ng strong side)

hila motion

53
Q

Lesion of the accessory nerve

A

SCM, trapezius paralysis

54
Q

Lesion of the hypoglossal nerve

A

ipsi deviation of the tongue on protrusion (deviation toward the weak side)

tulak motion

55
Q

CN Reflexes Afferent & Efferent Limb
Pupillary Light Reflex
Corneal Reflex
Gag Reflex

A

Pupillary Light Reflex - CN 2 –> 3
Corneal Reflex - CN 5 –> 7
Gag Reflex - CN 9 –> 10

56
Q 
LMNL
Anterior horn cells
Peripheral Nerve
NMJ
Muscles
A

Anterior horn cells - poliomyelitis, motor neuron disease
Peripheral Nerve - peripheral neuropathy
NMJ - myasthenia gravis
Muscles - muscular dystrophies

57
Q

Cushing’s Triad

A
  1. systemic hypertension
  2. dec. PULSE
  3. dec. RESPI

(basically vital signs)

58
Q

Cardinal Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A 
TRAP
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia/Bradykinesia
Postural Instability
59
Q 
Most common intracranial tumor
Most common tumor of childhood
most common primary brain tumor in adults
most common benign cns tumor
most common malignant tumor in children
A

Most common intracranial tumor - Metastasis

Most common tumor of childhood - Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma) clue** mahilig mga bata sa astro

most common primary brain tumor in adults - Glioblastoma multiforme

most common benign cns tumor - meningioma

most common malignant tumor in children - medulloblastoma

60
Q

Subdural Hematoma vs Epidural Hematoma

Alin ang concave/crescent shaped?
Alin ang convex or lense shaped?
alin ang middle meningeal artery?
alin ang may lucid interval?
alin ang bridging veins?
alin ang elderly, alcoholics?
A

Subdural Hematoma vs Epidural Hematoma

Alin ang concave/crescent shaped? - subdural
Alin ang convex or lense shaped? - Epidural
alin ang middle meningeal artery? - Epidural
alin ang may lucid interval? - Epidural
alin ang bridging veins? - Subdural
alin ang elderly, alcoholics? - Subdural

61
Q

nuchal translucency thickness

A

<2.2-2.8

WRITTEN REVALIDA PART 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions