Clin Epi

Question 1

Compares a group with disease vs without; odds ratio

Answer 1

Case-Control

Question 2

Study design that studies disease prevalence; can show ASSOCIATION, not causalty

Answer 2

Cross-sectional

Question 3

In a clinical question about harm, this study design would be considered unethical?

Answer 3

RCT 😱

Question 4

A 49-year old hypertensive and diabetic came in due to right-sided weakness and slurring of speech. An article about an antiplatelet drug which can probably improve the overall survival of patients following an acute coronary event showed that the drop-out rate in the treatment arm is 15 out of 101 while those in the control group numbered 6 out of 100. The result shows that 90% in the treatment group and 81% in the control group survived. You can conclude that:

A. Study population should be increased
B. No difference is shown with the 2 groups
C. Treatment with the new drug should be recommended
D. Drop-out rates make the study results unreliable

Answer 4

D. Drop-out rates make the study results unreliable

In a scientific study, 10% dropout rates is permissible. Any larger makes the study unreliable

Question 5

It expresses the result ONLY for questions on prognosis:

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio
C. Odds ratio
D. Relative Risk

Answer 5

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio - diagnostic tests
C. Odds ratio - used in case-control studies
D. Relative risk - in RCT; treatment

Question 6

Diagnostic tests

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio
C. Odds ratio
D. Relative Risk

Answer 6

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio - diagnostic tests
C. Odds ratio - used in case-control studies
D. Relative risk - in RCT; treatment

Question 7

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio
C. Odds ratio
D. Relative Risk

Answer 7

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio - diagnostic tests
C. Odds ratio - used in case-control studies
D. Relative risk - in RCT; treatment

Question 8

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio
C. Odds ratio
D. Relative Risk

Answer 8

A. Cumulative events over time
B. Likelihood ratio - diagnostic tests
C. Odds ratio - used in case-control studies
D. Relative risk - in RCT; treatment

Question 9

The principle that underlies informed consent is

A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Non-maleficence D. Justice

Answer 9

Autonomy

Question 10

The most ethically appropriate thing to say to a friend, who asks you to donate one of your kidneys, as he has renal failure is:
A. Justice dictates that you are reimbursed for the donation
B. You cannot donate as existing comorbid illness may compromise your kidney
C. You will find him one from a community known to donors
D. Organ donation goes against totality and is mutilation

Answer 10

B. . You cannot donate as existing comorbid illness may compromise your kidney

Question 11

A research proposal includes conducting a spirometry test on employees of a company. One of the researchers is the owner of the company. One of the following conditions may allow the conduct of research on the employees:

A. Those who will not participate will be demoted
B. Those who will participate voluntarily will receive compensation for transport
C. Those who will not participate will not receive an extended leave
D. Those who will participate voluntarily will be maintained in their posts

Answer 11

B. Those who will participate voluntarily will receive compensation for transport