Neuro anatomy Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
The system which allows communication throughout the body. It detects and responds to changes inside and outside of the body to maintain homeostasis
What is the organisation of the nervous system
The nervous system is split into two systems the central and the peripheral.
The center consists of the brain, spinal cord, integrative control center.
The peripheral consists of nerves and is responsible for the communication between the CNS and body
The peripheral nervous system then branches out to into 6 divisions.
Describe what the reflec arc is
The body encounters a stimulus which triggers a receptor
sending a signal along a neuron which sends a message to the brain which sends a signal to trigger the appropriate response
What are the components of the nervous sy
The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
The peripheral nervous system consists of neurones and neurotransmitters
define the role of sensory and motor neurones and mixed nerves
Sensory neurones carry information from the bodies sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Motor neurones originate in the brain and spinal cord. They transmit impulses to effector organs
Mixed nerves are multiple neurones bundled together an enclosed in connective tissue
What are neurones? Describe their properties and function?
Neurones are nerve cells which send and receive signals from the brain. They have three parts the cell body, dendrites and axon
the cell body contains the nucleus and is the thinking part of the cell. it makes up the grey matter of the central nervous system,
Dendrites are multiple short processes that receive and carry impulses towards the cell body through the motor and sensory neurons.
Axons are the pathway by which the impulses travel away from the cell body. They make up the white matter of the nervous system
what are synapses and neurotransmitters
The point where an impulse is passed from neuron to neurone is called a synapse. The electrical signal produced by impulses causes chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse and onto the next neurone
what are neuroglial cells and state 4 of them
Neuroglial cells are non-excitable cells that support the neurons in the CNS. They have the ability to replicate.
There are 4 types astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal
Describe what a astrocytes is
neuroglial cells which make up the main supporting tissue of the CNS. They are foot like projections which wrap around the blood vessels and are part of the blood brain barrier.
Describe what a oligodendrocytes is
neuroglial cells which support grey matter and can be found in clutters. They form and maintain myelin
Describe what microglia are
neurologlial cells near the blood vessels. They have phagocytic properties which help time remove damaged tissue in inflammation and cell destruction
Describe what ependymal is
neurologial cells that make up the epithelium lining the ventricles and central spinal canal
