Cardio anatomy 2 Flashcards
Describe and compare blood vessels to lymph vessels
Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients whereas lymphatic vessel drain interstitial fluid and work as part of the immune system.
Describe the location of the heart in a AP view
The heart is in the medial cavity of the thorax in the mediastinum. It extends from the 2nd rib to the 5th intercostal space and lies on the superior surface of the diaphragm with the lings as lateral relations. It is located two thirds to the left of the mid-sternal line.
Describe the location of the heart in a lateral in a Lateral view
The heart is in the medial cavity of the thorax in the mediastinum. It extends from the 2nd rib to the 5th intercostal space and lies on the superior surface of the diaphragm with the lings as lateral relations. It is anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum with lungs as lateral relations. The heart is connected to the diaphragm by the pericardial sac at it’s base and the great vessels at it’s root.
Describe the external anatomy of the heart
There is the left and right atria which are the upper chambers of the heart. The left and right ventricles which are the lower chambers of the heart. The right ventricle forms most of the anterior surface and the left ventricle forms most of the inferior posterior aspect of the heart .
Describe the internal anatomy of the heart
There is the atria which are small and thin walled, they receive the blood returning to the heart from circulation.
The right atrium is connected to 3 veins. The superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava. The coronary sinus which drains deoxygenated blood from the muscle.
The left atrium is connected to 2 pulmonary arteries and 2 pulmonary veins which transport blood back from the lungs to the heart.
The ventricles make up most of the heart volume and they pump the heart hence why they have thicker walls. Each ventricle is separated the interventricular septum. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary trunk to the lungs. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.
What is coronary circulation?
Blood supply to the heart by the right and left coronary arteries.
Describe the structure of the heart wall
There are 3 layers to the heart wall.
- The inner layer is the endocardium which lines the inner myocardial surface and valves. It consists of squamous epithelium resting on a thin connective tissue layer.
- The myocardium is the middle layer that makes up the cardiac muscle that contracts the heart. It is made up from muscle cells which are held together by connective tissue.
- The epicardium is the outermost layer and is often infiltrated with fat.
What are the coverings of heart?
The heart is covered by the pericardium, which is a tough, dense connective tissue which protects the heart from surrounding structures. Between the pericardial cavity and the heart lies a visceral layer. Between the two is the pericardial space which is lubricated by serous fluid which decreases friction during heart movement.
Describe the pulmonary circulation
Deoxygenated Is transported from the hearts right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange by the pulmonary arteries then is transported back to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins.
Describe the systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood is transported around the body from the left ventricle by the aorta and other branches of arteries. The deoxygenated blood is then transported from the capillary beds back to the right atrium of the heart by branches of veins and the vena cava.
Describe the cardiac cycle
The aria enter systole and blood is pushed into the ventricle. The atria is in diastole as the ventricles enter systole and the blood is pushed through the pulmonary artery and aorta to the lungs and the rest of the body
Describe portal venous circulation
circulation of blood from the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, gall bladder and spleen to the liver . This ensures metabolic substrates are ingested by the before reaching the systematic circulation
