Neuro-Aging Flashcards
Observing the whole brain at once
Macroscale
Basic unit of information processing in the nervous system
Neuron
Provide support, insulation, and protection for neurons
Glial Cells
What are the 4 zones of the neuron?
Input, Integration, Conduction, Output
Receives information from other cells through dendrites and the cell body
Input Zone
Where electrical inputs are combined & transformed into at the axon hillock
Integration Zone
Single axon conducts output information away from the cell body as an electrical impulse
Conduction Zone
At the end of the axon communicate activity to other cells (neurons or target muscles or glands)
Output Zone
Fatty substance made by glia that surrounds some axons, helps signals travel faster.
Myelin
Small protrusions from dendrites that receive input from single axon at synapse
Dendritic Spine
Communication within a neuron along the axon is ___________.
electrical
Communication between neurons is ________ via neurotransmitters.
chemical
Cellular location where information is transmitted from one neuron to another via neurotransmission
Synapse
__________ underlies much of neuroplasticity
Synaptic Remodeling
Contains more neuron cell bodies & dendrites
Gray matter
Consists mostly of axons with white myelin sheaths (tracts)
White matter
Consists of the brain & spinal cord
CNS
The outermost layer of the cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral Cortex
A ridge or raised portion/”peak” of the cerebral cortex
gyrus
A furrow or “valley” of the cerebral cortex
Sulcus
Lobe responsible for: Plan and perform motor actions, cognition, executive processing, working memory, emotional regulation, etc.
Frontal Lobe
Lobe responsible for somatic (body) sensation, spatial-motor processing, attention, higher order cognition, many other functions.
Parietal Lobe
Lobe responsible for audition, higher visual processing, memory
Temporal Lobe
Lobe responsible for visual processing
Occipital Lobe
What are the subcortical structures?
Basal ganglia, limbic system
Little brain crucial for motor coordination & control
cerebellum
all other parts of the nervous system, found outside the skull and spinal cord (e.g., neurons)
PNS
A result of higher resistance in brain capillaries that restricts passage of large molecules
blood brain barrier
