Neuro Flashcards
Opioid analgesic indications
Moderate pain - codeine Severe pain - morphine Treatment of opioid dependence - methadone Obstetric pain - pethidine Biliary colic - pethidine
Opioid analgesic SEs
Sedation Coma Respiratory depression Constipation QT prolongation (methadone) Hyperprolactinaemia
Antiemetic indications
Post-operative nausea and vomiting
Treatment or prophylaxis of chemotherapy or radiotherapy associated nausea and vomiting
Treatment of migraine associated nausea and vomiting (metoclopramide)
Treatment of motion sickness (cyclizine)
Antiemetic SEs
Antihistamines: sedation and antimuscarinic SEs
Metoclopramide: risk of occulogyric crisis or extrapyramidal SEs
Ondansetron: constipation and flushing
Antiepileptic drug types and indications
Sodium Valproate - generalised seizures
Carbamazepine - focal seizures
Lamotrigine - focal and generalised
Antiepileptics SEs
Carbamazepine: sedation, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity
Sodium valproate: alopecia, weight gain, teratogenic
Lamotrigine: sedation, rash, dizziness
Sumatriptan indications
Migraine and cluster headaches
Sumatriptan SEs
Vasoconstriction
Sedation
Dysrhythmias
Raynaud’s
Drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease
Levodopa + co-careldopa
Dopamine receptor agonists - Ropinirole
Monoamine-oxidase-B inhibitors (Selegiline)
Levodopa side effects
Psychosis and dementia
Postural hypotension
Dysrhythmias
Dry mouth
Ropinirole side effects
Impulse disorders
Confusion
Hallucinations
Selegiline SEs
Ulcers
Hypotension
Sedation
Confusion
Acetylecholinesterase inhibitors - examples and indications
Mild to moderate dementia
Donepazil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine
Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor SEs
Cholinergic effects - Syncope - Hallucinations - Aggression - Incontinence Heart block and dizziness
Memantine indication
Moderate to severe dementia
Memantine SEs
Hypertension Heart failure Thrombosis Psychosis Suicidal intent
Anxiolytics examples and indication
Diazepam and lorazepam Acute alcohol withdrawal Acute drug induced dystonic reactions Status epilepticus Short term use in anxiety or insomnia
Anxiolytics SEs
Drowsiness Confusion Ataxia Dependence Paradoxical aggression Side effects may be enhanced with alcohol
1st generation Antipsychotic example and indication
Haloperidol
Used to treat schizophrenia, psychosis and aggression in organic brain disorders
Haloperidol SEs
Extrapyramidal SEs - Parkinsonism, dystonia, akathesis, tardive dyskinesia
Hypotension
QT-prolongation
Atypical/Second generation antipsychotic examples and indication
Clozapine and Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic SEs
Hyperlipidaemia
Glucose intolerance
Weight gain
Bone marrow suppression esp with Clozapine
Lithium indication
Treatment and prophylaxis of mania or bipolar disorder
Lithium SEs
Narrow therapeutic index GI disturbance QT prolongation AV block Tremor Cognitive impairment Extra-pyramidal features Seizures Thyroid abnormalities Renal impairment (beware of concurrent ACE-I, NSAIDs, diuretics)
SSRI SEs
Hyponatraemia esp in the elderly Serotonin syndrome Suicidal ideation esp in young people Low libido Weight gain N/V
TCA example and indications
Amitriptyline
Unlicensed use for neuropathic pain and migraine prophylaxis
TCA SEs
Think of anticholinergic SEs Drowsiness Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Weight gain Drowsiness Dizziness Hypotension Arrhythmias
