Cardio Flashcards
Aspirin drug class and indications
Antiplatelet
- Cardiovascular disease secondary prevention
- Treatment of TIA
- Acute stroke (14days)
- ACS
Aspirin SEs
Gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration Bleeding Nephrotoxicity Hypertension Reye’s syndrome
Clopidogrel drug class and indications
Antiplatelet
- NSTEMI
- Stroke (after 14days Aspirin)
ACE-I example and indications
Ramipril
- Hypertension (<55, Not of Afro-Caribbean descent)
- Heart failure
- Nephropathy
ACE-I SEs
AKI (concurrent dehydration/NSAID/RAS)
Cough (10%)
Angioedema risk
ARB example and indications
Losartan
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
ARB SEs
AKI
Angioedema risk
CCB example and indications
Amlodipine
- Hypertension (>55, Afro-Caribbean)
- Angina
CCB SEs
Peripheral oedema
Constipation
Thiazide-like diuretics example and indication
Indapamide
- Hypertension
Beta-blocker examples and indications
Bisoprolol - Angina - Heart failure - Arrhythmia Propranolol - Anxiety - Symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism
Beta-blocker SEs
Bronchospasm
Peripheral ischaemia
Erectile dysfunction
Thiazides-like diuretics SEs
Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Erectile dysfunction
Gout
Statins examples and indication
Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
- primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Statins SEs
Hyperglycaemia
Muscle toxicity - raised CK, myopathy or rhabdomyolysis (increased risk in elderly and hypothyroidism)
Hepatotoxicity
Exogenous nitric oxide donors - examples and indication
GTN and Isosorbide mononitrate
- prophylaxis and treatment of angina
Nitrate SEs
Headache
Postural hypotension
Rapid tolerance: 4-12hour nitrate-free period required daily
Rate-limiting CCBs - examples and indications
Diltiazem and Verapamil
- Narrow complex tachycardias
- Angina
- Hypertension
Rate-limiting CCBs SEs
Risk of heart block - AVOID concurrent beta-blocker use
Negatively inotropic
Constipation
Anti-anginals examples and indications
Nicorandil, Ivabradine, Ranolazine
- Angina - second line or if unable to tolerate beta blockers or CCBs
Anti-angina SEs
Nicorandil: rectal bleeding and flushing
Ivabradine: bradycardia, heart block and AF
Ranolazine: QT prolongation
Loop diuretics examples and indications
Furosemide and Bumetanide
- Symptomatic relief of pulmonary oedema
- Peripheral oedema in heart failure or cirrhosis
Loop diuretic SEs
Hypotension Hypokalaemia Hyponatraemia Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity
Aldosterone antagonist examples and indications
Eplerenone and Spironolactone
1) Primary hyperaldosteronism
2) Secondary hyperaldosteronism
3) Heart failure
4) Cirrhosis
5) Nephrotic syndrome
6) PCOS
Aldosterone antagonist SEs
Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hepatotoxicity
Gynaecomastia
Parenteral Anticoagulant examples and indications
Heparin, LMWH, Fondaparinux
1) prophylaxis and treatment of VTE
2) treatment of ACS
Parenteral Anticoagulant SEs
Bleeding
Purpurea
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Oral anticoagulant examples and indications
Warfarin, NOACs
1) Prophylaxis and treatment of VTE
2) Prevention of stroke and systemic emboli in AF
Oral anticoagulant SEs
Haemorrhage
Purpura(purple toes)
Skin necrosis
Adrenaline indication
Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis
Adrenaline SEs
Tachycardia
MI
Hypertension
Decreased placental blood flow
Adenosine indication
Paroxysmal AVNET/AVRT
Diagnosis of tachydysrrhythmias
Adenosine SEs
Arrhythmia
Angina
Headache
Flushing
Amiodarone indications
Treatment of narrow complex and broad complex tachycardias , AF and Atrial Flutter
Amiodarone SEs
Hepatotoxicity Pulmonary toxicity Hyper/hypothyroidism Grey skin Corneal deposits Multiple interactions
Digoxin indications
Rate control in AF
Heart failure
Digoxin SEs
Narrow therapeutic index
GI disturbance
Yellow vision
Dysrhythmias
Fibrinolytic drug examples and indications
Alteplase and Streptokinase
1) Acute STEMI
2) Acute ischaemic stroke
3) Compromised PE
Fibrinolytic drug SEs
Haemorrhage
High risk of mortality or morbidity if intracranial bleed
