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PANRE > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Is a stroke an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Upper

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2
Q

Is a brain/spinal cord injury an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Upper

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3
Q

Is Guillain Barre an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Lower

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4
Q

Is cerebral palsy an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Upper

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5
Q

Is botulism an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Lower

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6
Q

Is cauda equina an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Lower

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7
Q

Is polio an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Lower

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8
Q

Is MS an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Upper

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9
Q

Is bell palsy an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

A

Lower

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10
Q

What kind of paralysis does an UMN lesion cause

What are reflexes

A

Spastic (hypertonia)

Increased DTR

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11
Q

What kind of paralysis does a LMN lesion cause

What are reflexes

A

Flaccid (hypotonia)

Decreased DTR

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12
Q

Which type of motor neuron lesion will have fasiculations

A

Lower

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13
Q

Describe what happens with the Babinski reflex for upper and lower MN lesions

A

Upper: upward
Lower: downward

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14
Q

Which motor neuron lesion causes muscle atrophy

A

Lower

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15
Q

Pt has contralateral sensory/motor loss / hemiparesis greater in the face and arm
Gaze preference to ipsilateral side

Which artery

A

Middle cerebral artery

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16
Q

Wernickes v Brocas: superior MCA or inferior MCA

A 
Brocas = superior
Wernickes = inferior
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17
Q

Are wernickes/ brocas left side or right side dominant

A

L side dominant

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18
Q

Pt with contralateral sensory/motor loss / hemiparesis in leg/foot with abnormal gait
Normal face and speech
Personality changes
May have incontinence

Which artery

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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19
Q

Pt with visual hallucinations
ipsilateral CN deficits and contralateral muscle weakness - “contralateral homonymous hemianopsia “
May have vertigo, nystagmus, diplopia

A

Posterior infarction
(Posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery
Vertebral artery)

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20
Q

Pt with hemiparesis, hemiplegia, clumsiness. CT shows small punched out hypodense areas

A

Lacunar infarct

21
Q

Which ischemic stroke do you treat with aspirin instead of TPA

A

Lacunar infarct

22
Q

Convex lens shaped bleed
Between skull and dura
Doesn’t cross suture lines
Us. Temporal

A

Epidural hematoma

23
Q

Concave crescent shaped bleed
Between dura and arachnoid
Can cross suture lines

A

Subdural hematoma

24
Q

If you suspect intracerebral hemorrhage, what can’t you do as a dx test

A

LP - risk herniation

25
Q

MC meningitis bug age <1 month

A

GBS (strep agalactiae)

26
Q

MC meningitis bug age 1mo - 18y

A

N meningitidis

27
Q

MC meningitis age 18-50

28
Q

How do you treat meningitis age 1mo - 50 y

A

Ceftriaxone + vancomycin

29
Q 
Describe the CSF findings for bacterial meningitis
Opening pressure
Protein
Glucose
WBC
A

Opening pressure - high
Protein - high
Glucose - low*
WBC - high* with neutrophils and PMNs

30
Q 
Describe the CSF findings for viral meningitis
Opening pressure
Protein
Glucose
WBC
A

Opening pressure - normal or high
Protein - low to normal
Glucose - normal**
WBC - mild high with lymphocytes

31
Q

MC bug in viral meningitis

A

Enteroviruses (echovirus, coxsackie)

32
Q

MC cause of encephalitis

33
Q

What is the s/s difference between meningitis and encephalitis

A

Encephalitis has abnormal cerebral function eg sensory/motor, speech/movement

34
Q

Seizure
Brief impairment of consciousness
Brief staring episodes
No postictal phase

A

Generalized

Absence (petit mal)

35
Q

Seizure
Loss of consciousness with rigidity and arrest of respirations
Repetitive rhythmic jerking for 2-3 minutes
Flaccid coma/sleep

A

Generalized

Tonic-clonic (grand mal)

36
Q

Seizure
No LOC
Sudden, brief, sporadic involuntary twitching

A

Generalized

Myoclonus

37
Q

Seizure

Sudden loss of postural tone “drop attack”

A

Generalized

Atonic

38
Q

Seizure
There is impaired consciousness
Lip smacking, picking, patting, coordinated motor movement

A

Partial (focal)

Complex partial

39
Q

Seizure
Consciousness maintained fully
Focal sensory, autonomic, or motor symptoms
“Todd’s paralysis” lasting up to 24 hours

A

Partial (focal)

Simple partial

40
Q

What level is increased in seizures that helps to differentiate from pseudoseizure

41
Q

TOC for absence seizures

A

Ethosuxamide

42
Q

Glutamate is increased with what disease

A

Alzheimers

43
Q

Glutamate is decreased with what disease

44
Q

GABA is increased with what disease

45
Q

GABA is decreased with what disease

A

UMN lesions

Huntington’s

46
Q

Ach is increased with what disease

A

Parkinsons

47
Q

Dopamine is increased with what disease

A

Schizophrenia

48
Q

Dopamine is decreased with what disease

A

Parkinson’s

NMS

PANRE (13 decks)

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