ID Flashcards
Gram + cocci in chains
Streptococcus
Gram positive cocci in grape-like clusters
Staph aureus
PCN coverage
Gram +
Staph, strep, enterococcus
Augmentin / unasyn
Coverage
Gram +
Better gram -
M. Cat, H. Flu, e. Coli, anaerobes
1st gen cephalosporins coverage
Keflex, ancef
Gram + cocci
Staph, strep
Some gram - (e coli, anaerobes)
2nd gen cephalosporins
Ceclor, ceftin
Broader gram -
H flu, proteus, neisseria, moraxella
3rd gen cephalosporins
Rocephin, ceftazidime, cefixime
Better gram -
Broad spectrum
Meningitis, gonorrhea, CAP
4th gen cephalosporins
Cefepime
Coverage v pseudomonas
Broad
Carbapenem coverage
Broadest of all!
Vanco coverage
Gram + only
S aureus, mrsa, s pneumoniae
Bacitracin coverage
Gram +
Polymixin coverage
Gram -
Macrolide coverage
Bacteria w/o cell walls
- and +
Mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, strep
Tetracycline coverage
Macrolide coverage PLUS
Various animal/insect dz, acne
Clinda coverage
Gram +, anaerobes above diaphragm
Aminoglycoside coverage
Gentamicin, tobramycin
Gm - ONLY
Common used with PCNs for broad coverage
Tx against pseudomonas
Linezolid coverage
Gram + ONLY
MRSA, VRE, enterococcus
Atypicals
FQ coverage
Depends on drug
Mostly gram neg with cipro being best
Pseudomonas coverage
Levo better for CAP because better for pneumonia
Flagyl coverage
ONLY for anaerobes/ Protozoa
Bactrim coverage
Gram - and staph including mrsa
Pigeon droppings inhaled in immunocomp patient - new onset of pneumonia, meningitis.
What disease - what special test for diagnosis of this type of meningitis
Cryptococcus (fungal)
Need India ink stain with CSF
Bird/bat droppings in MS/OH, HIV+ patient, sx of pneumonia
What disease
Histoplasmosis (fungal)
What is an opportunistic fungal infection that doesn’t respond to antifungals and causes pneumonia like sx?
And what do you treat with?
Pneumocystis
Tx with bactrim
Puncture wound from raw fish/meat leaves the hand with severe pain, swelling,
*purplish erythema w sharp irregular borders extending peripherally but clearing centrally
Erysipeloid
Tx for tetanus
Flagyl + tetanus immune globulin
Disease assoc with rabbits or insect bite
Gives Fever/HA/N and ulceration of a papule with central eschar and tender regional LAD
Disease and treatment?
Tularemia
Treat w streptomycin
Exposure to farm animals and their products eg wool
Pneumonia and influenza like illness, culture negative endocarditis if chronic
Diagnosis, bacterial species and treatment?
Q fever
Coxiella Burnetti
Treat with doxy
What’s the name of the malaria bug
P falciparum
What type of blood testing do you do for malaria
Giemsa stain peripheral smear
History of tick bite w symptoms
Smear shows PATHOGNOMONIC TETRADS
Babesiosis
What is the bug in Chagas’ disease
Protozoa - trypanosoma cruzi
Describe the unique presentation of chagas dz
Latin America region
Illness w unilateral Periorbital edema, LAD, bite site
Chronic causes CM, CHF, megacolon/esoph
Which disease presents with GI symptoms, then progresses to muscle pain, swelling, weakness, and *palpebral/orbital edema
Will have eosinophilia
Trichinosis
History of tick bite w symptoms
Peripheral buffy coat smear shows morulae in WBCs
Ehrlichiosis
What is the MC cause of encephalitis
HSV
This disease causes a mono illness and then causes older immunocomp patients to have a reactivation with retinitis and esophagitis, +/- pneumonitis, colitis, encephalitis
CMV
Only childhood viral exam them that starts on the trunk
Roseola
“Negri bodies”
Rabies
Exposure to mouse or rodent dropping -> myalgia, fever, N/V/D
Then sudden respiratory distress, pulm edema, renal failure
Hantavirus
CREAM of Kawasaki syndrome
Conjunctivitis Rash Extremity - edema, erythema, desquamation Adenopathy Mucous membranes - strawberry tongue
HIV Testing:
Screening test
Confirmatory test
Monitoring test
Screen with ELISA
Confirm with Western Blot
Monitor with RNA Viral load
