Cardio Flashcards
What degree is:
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III
1: 0
2: +60
3: +120
What degree is:
AvL
AvF
AvR
AvL: -30
AvF: +90
AvR: -150
Lead I has + QRS
AvF has + QRS
What is the axis
Normal
Lead I has + QRS
AvF has - QRS
WHAT IS THE AXIS
Left axis deviation
Lead I has - QRS
AvF has + QRS
WHAT IS THE AXIS
Right axis deviation
How do you find the exact axis degree on an ekg
Find the lead with the biphasic p wave. The axis is perpendicular
What is a normal PR interval
0.2 sec
Which atria usually enlarged due to severe lung dz
Right atria
Which valve is associated with left atrial enlargement
Mitral
What changes on ekg with RAE
P wave with high amplitude in inferior lead
II, III, AvF
What ekg change with LAE
V1: p wave with large negative deflection
V1 and lead II: long duration of p wave
EKG for RVH
- R axis deviation
- V1: R wave > S wave
- V6: S wave > R wave
What usually causes RVH
Pulmonary dz and congenital heart dz
LVH on EKG
- LAD
2. (R wave in V5/V6) + (S wave in V1/V2) is > 35mm
What usually causes LVH
HTN and valvular dz
What is the bpm of a junctional rhythm
40-60 bpm
How long is a normal QRS complex
0.12 sec
Normal P waves and narrow QRS
Where is the problem coming from
Above the ventricles
No p waves / abnormal p waves
Wide QRS complex
Where is the problem coming from
Ventricles
How to see PAC on ekg
Weird p wave with an early QRS
- QRS IS NARROW
How to tell psvt on ekg
Tachy with retrograde p waves
R’ in v1
- QRS IS NARROW
PVC on ekg
- QRS IS WIDE
and weird
Vtach on ekg
QRS IS WIDE
usually regular
5 things that make PVCs bad
Frequent Multiform 3-5 consecutive Occurs on a t wave During MI
1st degree block on ekg
PR > 0.2sec
2nd degree Type I AV block on ekg
Progressive lengthening of PRI then a dropped QRS
2nd degree type II AV block on ekg
P wave with no QRS, NO progressive lengthening
Right BBB on ekg
Bunny ears in v1 and v2
QRS IS WIDE
Left BBB on ekg
Large R waves in v5, v6
WIDE QRS
Inferior MI leads
II, III, AvF
Lateral MI leads
I, AvL, v5, v6
Anterior MI leads
V1 - V3
Posterior MI leads
V1, V2
Anteroseptal MI leads
V1, V2
Anterolateral MI leads
V4 - V6
When do you repeat troponins
Every 8-12 hr
Which pediatric murmur is continuous and machinery
PDA
Which pediatric murmur is a systolic murmur at the LLSB, may have s/s of CHF
VSD
Which pediatric murmur is a systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICA, early to mid systolic and causes FTT, a wide fixed split S2, and a RV heave
ASD
Where is the murmur heard and where does it radiate:
AS
2nd RICS
Rad to neck and LSB
Where is the murmur heard and where does it radiate:
AR
2-4 LICS
Rad to apex and RSB
Where is the murmur heard and where does it radiate:
MS
Apex
No rad
Where is the murmur heard and where does it radiate:
MR
Apex
Rad to L axilla
Describe the timing of the murmur and what makes it louder:
AS
Midsystolic
Sitting leaning forward
Describe the timing of the murmur and what makes it louder:
AR
Systolic
And diastolic decrescendo
Sitting leaning forward, full exhale
Describe the timing of the murmur and what makes it louder:
MS
Middiastolic
Left lateral position, full exhale
Accentuated S1, opening snap
Describe the timing of the murmur and what makes it louder:
MR
Pansystolic
Tricuspid regurgitate: Where do you hear it Where does it radiate What is the timing What makes it louder
LLSB
Rad to R sternum/xiphoid
Pansystolic
Increases with inspiration slightly
Pulmonic stenosis: Where do you hear it Where does it radiate What is the timing What makes it louder
2nd-3rd LICS
Rad to L shoulder and neck
Systolic; mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo
None
Early pulmonic ejection sound
