neuro Flashcards
area of brain/lobe assoc w language devel
wernicke’s/L temporal
area of brain/lobe assoc w speech production
broca’s/L frontal
largest lobe
frontal
microglia vs macroglia fxn
MICRO (macrophages) = clean debris of CNS
MACRO: oligodendrocytes = myelinate CNS, schwann = myelinate PNS, astrocytes = nutrients, support endothelial cells of BBB, repair/scar, ependymal = CSF, radial = progenitors, scaffold for migration
absence sz EEG finding
3Hz spike wave
possible dx of EEG 3Hz spike wave
absence sz
possible dx of EEG slow spike wave or polyspike/wave
akinetic sz, Lennox-Gastaut
possible dx of EEG hypsarrhythmia
status epilepticus, West synd (childhood spasms)
possible dx of EEG phantom spike wave
normal variant
MCC facial pain
dental
% kids who sleepwalk
10-30% (up to 50% of those w sleepwalking or night terrors have OSA??)
parasomnias usually happen in what phase of sleep cycle
slow-phase (earlier)
alcohol causes what type of sleep disorder
insomnia (early sedative effect w deep sleep x3-4h, then inc WAKEFULNESS & restless sleep)
management of TIA
eval, ID, tx all possible risk factors to prevent stroke/vasc events
how much stenosis to do enarterectomy
70%
CSF finding in 95% MS
oligoclonal bands (ltd Ab classes). may also find elev IgG, min elev-nml cell #, nml protein
REM: EEG, % total sleep, when do periods start & last longest
EEG: mixed voltage (~stage 1 sleep w rapid phasic eye mvmts, absent mm tone except intmt phasic mm twitches)
20-25% total sleep
start: 90-120min after onset
longest: 2nd half of night (AM hours, get longer twd end)
area of hypothalamus for wakefulness/sleep, action
VentroLateral PreOptic Nucleus: inhib brainstem wakefulness areas
where melatonin is made
pineal gland
myotonic dystrophy 1 (steinert’s dz) vs 2 presentation + genetic abn
1 = autosomal dom trinucleotide repeat CTG on DMPK gene: weakness of face/neck/forearm/hand (grip myotonia)/foot dorsiflex weakness (foot drop), mm pain, resp mm inv, dysphagia, dysarthria, cataracts, cardiac cond abn, infertility, insulin resist 2 = tetranucleotide repeat CCTG on ZNF9/CNBP gene: mild weakness, mm pain, but rarely resp mm inv, dysphagia, dysarthria
cogn sxs in SCZ
working memory, attn
neuro FDA indications for cymbalta
diabetic periph neuropathy, fibromyalgia, chronic MSK pain (in addition to MDD, GAD)
first line tx for TD
valbenazine/ingrezza
meige synd presentation + tx
blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia w sore jaw»_space; botox, DBS
most common childhood epilepsy and anatomical source
benign rolandic sz, occur @ night, higher risk fatal aspiration, usually remits by 16yo, central sulcus @centrotemporal area
dx by EEG