Neuro

Question 1

Tics

Answer 1

a habitual spasmodic contraction of the muscles, most often in the face.

Question 2

Dystonia

Answer 2

a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture, typically due to neurological disease or a side effect of drug therapy

Question 3

Intention tremor

Answer 3

a trembling of a part of the body when attempting a precise movement, associated especially with disease of the cerebellum

Question 4

myoclonus

Answer 4

spasmodic jerky contraction of groups of muscles

Question 5

dystrophic gait

Answer 5

waddling gait, a gait characterized by exaggerated lateral trunk movements and hip elevations.

Question 6

sensory ataxia

Answer 6

both a symptom and a sign in neurology. It is a form of ataxia (loss of coordination) caused not by cerebellar dysfunction but by loss of sensory input into the control of movement. (ataxia is the loss of full control of bodily movements)

Question 7

asterixis

Answer 7

Asterixis (also called the flapping tremor, or liver flap) is a tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended, sometimes said to resemble a bird flapping its wings.

Question 8

dyskinesia

Answer 8

abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement

Question 9

chorea

Answer 9

a neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face

Question 10

resting tremor

Answer 10

Resting tremor occurs when the muscle is relaxed, such as when the hands are resting on the lap. With this disorder, a person’s hands, arms, or legs may shake even when they are at rest. Often, the tremor only affects the hand or fingers.

Question 11

oral-facial dyskinesias

Answer 11

Orofacial or tardive dyskinesias are involuntary repetitive movements of the mouth and face.

Question 12

spastic hemiparesis

Answer 12

one half of the body is afflicted with weakness, but is not paralyzed.

Question 13

steppage gait

Answer 13

Steppage gait (High stepping, Neuropathic gait) is a form of gait abnormality characterised by foot drop due to loss of dorsiflexion. The foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the leg higher than normal when walking.

Question 14

antalgic gait

Answer 14

An antalgic gait is a gait that develops as a way to avoid pain while walking (antalgic = anti- + alge, “against pain”). It is a form of gait abnormality where the stance phase of gait is abnormally shortened relative to the swing phase. It can be a good indication of pain with weight-bearing.

Question 15

apraxia

Answer 15

inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.

Question 16

kamosfsky score

Answer 16

allows patients to be classified as to their functional impairment. This can be used to compare effectiveness of different therapies and to assess the prognosis in individual patients. The lower the Karnofsky score, the worse the survival for most serious illnesses.

Question 17

horner’s sign

Answer 17

Horner syndrome is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the disruption of a nerve pathway from the brain to the face and eye on one side of the body. Typically, Horner syndrome results in a decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face.

Question 18

postural tremor

Answer 18

Postural tremor occurs when a person maintains a position against gravity, such as holding the arms outstretched. Kinetic tremor is associated with any voluntary movement, such as moving the wrists up and down or closing and opening the eyes

Question 19

fasciculation

Answer 19

a brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often causing a flicker of movement under the skin. It can be a symptom of disease of the motor neurons.
2.

Question 20

spastic diplegia

Answer 20

Spastic diplegia, historically known as Little’s Disease, is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity—manifested as an especially high and constant “tightness” or “stiffness”—in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, usually those of the legs, …

Question 21

cerebellar ataxia

Answer 21

Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a disorder that occurs when the cerebellum becomes inflamed or damaged. The cerebellum is the area of the brain responsible for controlling gait and muscle coordination. The term ataxia refers to a lack of fine control of voluntary movements.

Question 22

hemiballismus

Answer 22

Ballismus or ballism (called hemiballismus or hemiballism in its unilateral form) is a very rare movement disorder. It is a type of chorea caused in most cases by a decrease in activity of the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia, resulting in the appearance of flailing, ballistic, undesired movements of the limbs.

Question 23

athetosis

Answer 23

a condition in which abnormal muscle contractions cause involuntary writhing movements. It affects some people with cerebral palsy, impairing speech and use of the hands.

Question 24

aphasia-broca

Answer 24

issues with producing coherent speech (non fluent aphasia)

Question 25

aphasia-wernicke’s

Answer 25

issues with speech processing and understanding language (fluent speech)

Question 26

aphasia-global

Answer 26

terrible comprehension, poor repetition, non fluent, minimal naming,

Question 27

Pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 27

Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, is a problem caused by elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the brain.

Question 28

Neurofibromatosis

Answer 28

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on nerve tissue. These tumors can develop anywhere in your nervous system, including your brain, spinal cord and nerves. Neurofibromatosis is usually diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood

Question 29

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Answer 29

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurological disorder marked by a distinctive port-wine stain on the forehead, scalp, or around the eye. This stain is a birthmark caused by an overabundance of capillaries near the surface of the skin. Blood vessels on the same side of the brain as the stain may also be affected.

Question 30

Meningitis

Answer 30

Predominantly localized to the subarachnoid space

Question 31

encephalitis

Answer 31

brain tissue infection by a virus

Question 32

Meningoencephalitis

Answer 32

a clinical desceiption of a process involving the meninges the subarachnoid space and brain parenchyma. AKA meningitis + encephalitis

Question 33

Cerebritis

Answer 33

diffuse bacterial, fungal or parasitic infection of the brain tissue

Question 34

Abscess

Answer 34

Local bacterial funcgal or parasitic infection of the brain tissue (parameningeal infection- ex, epidural abscess)

Question 35

Empyema

Answer 35

Infection localized to the space between the dura and arachnoid (parameningeal infection - ex,subdural empyema)

Question 36

Clinical presentations that are an emergency (infections)

Answer 36

Bacterial (purulent) meningitis
Herpetic Encephalitis
Epidural Abscess
Subdural empyema

Question 37

clinical triad of meningitis

Answer 37

H/A
Fever
Neck Stiffness

Other-
Visual Symptoms - photophobia (associated with nerve palsy)
Seizure
Confusion
Localized pain

Question 38

Two tests for Nucal rigidity

Answer 38

Brudzyski’s sign

Kernig’s sign

Question 39

Maculopapular rash

Answer 39

geographic map like
EMERGENCY
Specific for acute bacterial meningitis