NEURO Flashcards
Patient had a skull fracture with a fixed/dilated pupil – what do you think of?
Epidural hematoma
What type of hematoma does NOT cross the suture lines?
Epidural hematoma
What type of injury causes a subdural hematoma? What does the CT show?
Elderly/alcoholics or Acceleration/deceleration injury
Crescent shaped CT along the edge
Worst HA of their life – you think of? Dx?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Dx with CT (if negative do CSF)
How do we treat status epilepticus?
Lorazepam + ABC’s
How do we treat migraines?
NSAIDS, triptains, or ergots
Prophylactic treatment for migraines vs. cluster HA’s?
Migraines = BB or CCCB or TCA (amplodipine)
Cluster = CCB (verapamil)
If a patient has focal deficits in a vascular territory – what do we do first?
GET A CT (to look for a bleed)
If you believe it’s a stroke and CT is clear – what do you do?
TPA
What are the requirements for giving TPA?
185/110, or hypoglycemia
If stroke sxs completely resolve within 24 hours – what dx? Tx?
TIA
Aspirin or clopidogrel, stop smoking! BP control
Causes of meningitis in under 1 month old? Tx?
GBS, e coli, and listeria
tx with Ampicillin + Gentamycin
Causes of meningitis in 1-50 year olds? Tx?
Strep pneumo
Tx with Cefotaxime
If a patient is over 50 with meningitis what should we add to Tx? Why?
Add Ampicillin to cover for listeria
Special tests for meningitis? How do you Dx?
Brudzinski & Kernig
CSF with high protein, low to normal glucose, CBC with lymphocytosis
When would a child get a febrile seizure?
Viral illness – make sure to r/o meningitis!
How do you treat absence seizures?
Ethosuximide
If you see a bulging anterior fontenella in a child – Dx? Tx?
Hydrocephalus
Tx with a shunt
If someone has facial trauma, what should I look for?
Septal hematoma!
best solutions to store an avulsed tooth?
Hank solution > milk > saliva > tap water
What bacterial infection do we worry about in someone who wears contacts and has a corneal abrasion?
Pseudomonas
If a patient has a flat anterior chamber of the eye with no extra-ocular movements – dx? Tx?
Ruptured Globe
DO NOT MEASURE IOP – optho emergency (start IV cephalosporins)
You do a fluorescein dye of your patient’s painful eye and you see herpes – Tx?
Acyclovir – NO STEROIDS THEY WILL GO BLIND
If a patient has pain with eye movements, acute vision loss, including color vision – what do you think of?
Optic neuritis – get an MRI
If your patient suddenly loses vision in one eye and they have NO pain, on PE you note paleness and a cherry red spot – dx? Tx?
Central retinal artery occlusion
Breath into a bag, reduce IOP, vision loss is permanent
What’s the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?
Presbycusis
