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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Epidural hematoma- Risks

A
  • Skull Fx, disruption of medial meningeal artery
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2
Q

Epidural hematoma- Sx

A
  • LOC -> lucid -> coma

- Arterial bleed b/t skull and dura

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3
Q

Epidural hematoma- Dx

A
  • CT: Convex shape, does not cross suture line

- Temporal area

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4
Q

Subdural hematoma- Risks

A
  • Blunt trauma, bleeding on opposite side of injury
  • Venous- tearing of bridging veins
  • Elderly
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5
Q

Subdural hematoma- Sx

A
  • Focal neuro sx

- B/t dura and arachnoid space

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6
Q

Subdural hematoma- Dx

A
  • CT: concave cresent shaped
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7
Q

Subarachnoid- Risks

A
  • Berry aneurysm rupture, AVM
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8
Q

Subarachnoid- Sx

A
  • Thunderclap HA

- Stiff neck, photophobia, delirium

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9
Q

Subarachnoid- Dx

A

CT- hyperattenuation of subarachnoid space

- LP: increased CSF pressure, xanthochromia

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10
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage- Risks

A
  • HTN, Arteriovenous malformation
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11
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage- Sx

A

HA, N/V

- Hemiplegia, hemiparalysis

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12
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage- Dx

A
  • CT: intraparenchymal bleed

- No LP

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13
Q

TIA- Eti

A

-

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14
Q

TIA- Sx

A
  • Amurosis fugax
  • Contralateral weakness
  • Sudden HA, speech change
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15
Q

TIA- Tx-

A
  • Asa, clopidigrel
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16
Q

Ischemic stroke- Eti

A

MC

- Thrombus or emboli occlusion

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17
Q

Ischemic stroke- Sx

A
  • COntralateral hemiparesis

- Face, arm, speech

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18
Q

Ischemic stroke- Tx

A

Thrombolytics w/in 3 H if no hemorrhage

- Antiplatlets

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19
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke- Eti

A
  • HTN, aneurysm rupture, trauma
20
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke- Sx

A
  • Severe HA

- LOC

21
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke- Tx

A
  • Supportive tx, prevent seizures
22
Q

Bacterial meningitis- Eti

A
  • S. pneumo MC

- N. meningitides MC in kids

23
Q

Bacterial meningitis- Sx

A
  • Fever, chills
  • Nuchal rigidity, photosensativity
  • Krenig/ brudizinski
24
Q

Bacterial meningitis- Dx

A

LP:

  • Increased lymphocytes (100-100,000), pressure, protein
  • Low glucose
  • CT before LP in > 60, immunocomp, focal neuro sx
25
Bacterial meningitis- Tx
- Ceftriaxone + vanc
26
Aseptic meningitis- Eti
- Viral- Enterovirus ( echovirus, coxsackie) MC | - Fungal, Tb
27
Aseptic meningitis- Sx
- Nuchal rigidity - Normal cerebral fxn - Sx less intense than bacterial
28
Aseptic meningitis- Dx
LP - Elevated lymphocytes (10-300) - Normal glucose, protein
29
Aseptic meningitis- Tx
Supportive
30
Encephalitis- Eti
- Viral infxn of brain parenchyma | - HSV 1 MC
31
Encephalitis- Sx
- Abn cerebral fxn- CN deficits, seizures | - Profound lethargy, AMS
32
Encephalitis- Dx
LP | - Lymphocytosis, normal glucose
33
Encephalitis- Tx
- Supportive- antipyretics, fluids, control edema | - Valcyclovir if HSV
34
Brain abscess- Eti
- Polymicrobial | - Spread of infxn from sinus, ear or hematogenous
35
Brain abscess- Sx
- Dental, sinus, ear infxn -> - N/ V, fever - AMS, focal neuro deficits
36
Brain abscess- Dx
- No LP | - CT or MRI with contrast
37
Brain abscess- Tx
IV Pen G + ceftriaxone or metronidazole
38
Syncope
- Vasovagal MC - stress, pain, fear | - Determine if cardiac v non cardiac
39
Partial seizure- Eti
- Confined to 1 part of the brain - Simple partial: Full consciousness maintained - Complex partial: Impaired consciousness
40
Partial seizure- Sx
- Simple: Focal sensory, autonomic deficits | - Complex: Aura- automatisms: lip smacking, manual picking, coordinated
41
Generalized seizure- Eti
- Diffuse brain involvement, loss of consciousness - Absence- brief impairment of consciousness, children - 20y - tonic-clonic- LOC-> rhythmic jerking -> post ictal
42
Generalized seizure- Sx
- Absence: Eye lid twitching, no convulsions, no post ictal | - Tonic clonic: Sudden loc, repetitive jerking, flaccid coma, sleep
43
Seizures- Dx
- EEG - Simple: focal discharge - Complex partial: slow waves in temporal area - Absence: Bilateral spikes and waves - Tonic-clonic: High amp rapid spiking - Prolactin increases- differential btwn pseudo
44
Status elipticus- Tx
- Benzos 1st line followed by phenytoin
45
Peripheral neuropathy- Acute
- Guillain barre syndrome - Porphyria - Hypothyroid - Vincristine toxicity

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