Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1 Inpt > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Thyrotoxicosis- Hypothyroid- Test

A

High TSH, low FT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyperthyroid- Test

A

Low TSH, high FT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Myxedema coma- Eti

A
  • Extreme hypothyroid

- Longstanding, undx’ed + precipitating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Myxedema coma- Sx

A
  • Severe bradycardia
  • Coma
  • Hypo- ventilation, thermia and tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myxedema coma- Dx

A

Thyroid fun tests- T4 may be undetectable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myxedema coma- Txx

A

IV levothyroine

- Supportive tx, passive warming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thyroid storm- Eti

A
  • Untreated hyperthyroid + precipitating event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thyroid storm- Sx

A
  • Palpitations, a-fib
  • Psychosis, delerium, tremors
  • N/V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thyroid storm- Dx

A

High T4/T3, undetectable TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thyroid storm- Tx

A
  • Methimazole

- Beta blockers for sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Euthyroid sick syndrome- Eti

A
  • Normal thyroid fxn with abn thyroid levels

- With illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Euthyroid sick syndrome- Dx

A

Low TSH, T4/ T3

- T3 abnormally low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thyrotoxicosis- Eti

A
  • Hyperthyroidism, Graves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thyrotoxicosis- Sx

A
  • Heat intolerance, weight loss
  • Tachycardia, palpitation
  • Anxiety, tremors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thyrotoxicosis- Dx

A

Low TSH, high T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyrotoxicosis- Tx

A

Thioureas- PTU or MMI

- Propranolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency- Eti

A
  • Addisonian crisis
  • Abrut withdrawal of glucocorticoids MC
  • Sudden worsening of adrenal insufficiency d/t inciting event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency- Sx

A
  • Shock- hypotension, hypovolemia

- Abd pain, N/V, fever, lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency- Dx

A

Hypo: glycemia, Na

- Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency- Tx

A
  • IV fluids- NS or D5
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Correct lytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic adrenal insufficiency- Eti

A
  • 2ry MC- exogenous steroid use

- 1ry- Autoimmune MC, infxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chronic adrenal insufficiency- Sx

A
  • 2ry: Lack of cortisol- weak, muscle ache, weight, appetite loss, hypoglycemia
  • 1ry: addison dz: Hyperpigmentation, orthostatic hypotension, hypoNa, glyucemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chronic adrenal insufficiency- Dx

A
  • High dose ACTH stimulation test- screening: + = no change in cortisol levels
  • CRH stimulation test- Distinguish cause: 1ry- high SCTH, low cortisol.
    2ry: low ACTH, low cortisol
24
Q

Chronic adrenal insufficiency- Tx

A

1ry- gluco and mineral corticoids
2ry glucocorticoids only- hydrocortisone
- Triple dosing around times of illness

25
Cushing- Eti
- Syndrome: signs & sx of cortisol excess - Iatrogenic MC - Dz: syndrome caused by pituitary increased ACTH secretion - Benign pituitary adenoma MC
26
Cushing- Sx
- Central obesity, buffalo hump, moon facies - Thinning of extremities, skin atrophy - Hirsut - HTN
27
Cushing- Dx
- Low dose dexamethasone test- no cortisol suppression = syndrome - 24 H cortisol, salivary cortisol - Normal ACTH in dz, decreased ACTH in syndrome
28
Cushing- Tx
- Dz: Resection | - Syndrome: gradual taper
29
Pheochromocytoma- Eti
- Catecholamine secreting adrenal tumor | - Increased epic + norepi
30
Pheochromocytoma- Sx
HTN, resistant to tx | - palpitations, headaches and excessive sweating
31
Pheochromocytoma- Dx
High 24 H urine catecholamines- metanephrine & vanillymandelic acide - MIR or CT
32
Pheochromocytoma- Tx
- Adrenalectomy | - Alpha blockade followed by beta blockade
33
Primary hyperaldosteronism- Eti
- Renin indépendant | - Idiopathic renal hyperplasia
34
Primary hyperaldosteronism- Sx
- Hypokalemia- polyuria, prox musc weakness | - HTN w/ elevated diastolic pressures: HA, flushing
35
Primary hyperaldosteronism- Dx
- Aldosterone : renin ratio > 20 with low plasma renin levels
36
Primary hyperaldosteronism- Tx
- Spironolactone, ACEI
37
DKA- Eti
- Insulin deficiency in diabetics in response to stressor - hyperglycemia -> dehydration -> ketones -> decreased K - DM 1
38
DKA- Sx
- Hyperglycemia with abd pain - Fruity acetone breath - Kussmal respirations
39
DKA- Dx
- Metabolic acidosis- pH 250, urine ketones,
40
DKA- Tx
- IV fluids- Isotonic NS initially - Insulin - Potassium
41
Hyperosmolar coma- Eti
Type 2 DM - Illness leading to decreased fluid intake - High mortality
42
Hyperosmolar coma- Sx
Altered mental status | - Hyperglycemia
43
Hyperosmolar coma- Dx
- Gluc > 600 - pH >7.3 Serum osmol > 320
44
Dawn phenom
- Early AM increase in blood sugar d/t fasting | - Mgmt: bedtime injection of NPH, avoid PM carbs
45
Somogyi effect
Nocturnal hypoglycemia leads to AM hyperglycemia | - Mgmt: bedtime snack
46
Rapid acting insulin
- lispro, aspart | - Give at time of meal - onset in 5 min, peak 1 h, duration 3 H
47
Short acting insulin
- Humalin R - 30-60 min prior to meals - Peaks in 2-3 h
48
Intermediate insulin
NPH or lente - 1/2 day insulin - Peaks in 4-12 H,
49
Long acting insulin
glargine, detemir - Basal insulin - Fewer hypoglycemic episodes
50
Biguanides
Metformin - 1st line - MOA: decreased hepatic glucose production, increased utilization - AE: Lactic acidosis, GI, no wt gain, hypoglycemia
51
Sulfonyureas
Glipizde, glyburide, glimepiride - MOA: Stimulates beta cell insulin release - AE: Hypoglcemia MC, wt gain
52
Meglintidides
Repaglinide, nateglinide - MOA: Stimulates beta cell insulin release - AE: hypoglycemia
53
Alpha glucosides inhibitors
- Acarbose - Delays intestinal glucose absorption - AE: Hepatitis, increased LFTs
54
Thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone, rosiglitazone - Increased insulin sensitivity in muscle, adipose tissue - AE: Fluid retention, edema
55
GLP-1 agonists
Byetta, victoza - MOA: incretin mimicker, decreased glucagon secretion, increased insulin secretion - AE: pancreatitis, CI in gastroparesis
56
DPP4 inhibitor
Januvia, tradjenta - Increases GLP 1- decreased glucagon, increased insulin - AE: Pancreatitis, renal failure
57
SGLT 2 inhibitor
- Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin - MOA: Increased urinary glucose excretion - AE: Thirst, N, abd pain

1 Inpt (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions