Neuro Flashcards
Recurrent spontaneous attacks of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus
Vertigo often disabling and associated with vomiting
Ménière’s disease
Severe vertigo with vomiting but no deafness/tinnitus
Preceded by infection/illness
Vestibular neuronitis
Recurrent brief attacks of headache around the eye, associated with autonomic symptoms
Last between a few weeks and a few months
Cluster headaches
Unilateral throbbing headache lasting 6h associated with vomiting and photophobia, with several episodes in the past
Migraine
Constant aching pain around the right eye radiating to the forehead
Reduced vision in the eye, which is red and congested with a dilated pupil
Acute glaucoma
Bilateral proximal muscle weakness in legs and dysphagia
Purple rash on cheeksIn severe disease, can be respiratory muscle weakness and also cardiac involvement
CK elevated
Polymyositis
What nerve is affected?
Inability to dorsiflex foot after blow to the side of knee
Common perineal nerve
What nerve is affected?
Sensory loss over medial one and a half fingers
Median nerve
What nerve is affected?
Winged scapula and inability to raise arm above the horizontal
Long thoracic nerve
Abnormal movements
Wild flinging of right arm and right leg
Hemiballismus
Abnormal movements
Grimacing, involuntary chewing, long-treatment with antipsychotic medication
Tardive dyskinesia
Abnormal movements
Past-pointing in someone being investigated for unsteady gait
Dysmetria
Stiff spastic tongue
Brisk jaw reflex
Emotional outburst
Pseudobulbar palsy
Loss of pain and temperature sensation over the trunk and arms with intact vibration sense
Syringomyelia
Coffee-coloured patches (café-au-lait spots)
Presence of Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis (type I)
Cause of gait
Drop foot
High-stepping gait
After hip replacement
Sciatic nerve injury
Cause of gait
Presents after stroke
Stiff right leg that drags forward in an arc
Spastic gait
A 21-year-old student presents with hyperventilation, tachycardia and light-headedness and is brought to A&E after ‘blacking out’
Anxiety attack
Site of neurological lesion
Right-handed woman noted to ignore stimuli on left side of her body
Right parietal lobe
What anti-epileptic medication is responsible for the side effects?
Acne
Increased hair growth
‘Cerebellar syndrome’
Phenytoin
What anti-epileptic medication is responsible for the side effects?
Tremor
Drowsiness
Thinning hair
Mildly raised liver enzyme levels
Sodium valproate
Treatment for headache
Headache
Painful red congested eye
Dilated non-responsive pupil
Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
Treatment for headache
Headache has lasted a few weeks
Pain in mouth during meals and scalp is tender on palpation
Prednisolone(Treatment of temporal/giant cell arteritis)
Treatment for headache
Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
Treatment of Parkinson’s
Improvement of tremor in Parkinson’s patient on treatment with levodopa
Benzhexol (muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist)
Treatment of Parkinson’s
Control of vomiting in patient being treated for Parkinson’s
Domperidone (blocks dopamine receptors peripherally)
Treatment of Parkinson’s
Parkinson’s patient cannot tolerate levodopa-based therapy
Bromocriptine
Left-sided facial palsy and vertigo
Impaired hearing on left side
Vesicular rash around external auditory meatus
Caused by Herpes zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Convex haematoma on CT
Extradural haemorrhage
Crescent shaped haematoma on CT
Subdural haemorrhage
Blood along sulk and fissure
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Asymmetrical pupils
Affected pupil is larger and has decreased pupillary reflex
Holmes-Adie pupil
Bilateral small pupils
Do not react to light
Argyll Robertson pupil
Relative afferent defect
Gunn’s pupil
