Haematology and Oncology

Question 1

Howell-Jolly bodies

Answer 1

Hyposplenism

Question 2

Burr cells

Answer 2

Uraemia

Question 3

Heinz bodies

Answer 3

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 4

Reticulocytosis

Answer 4

Bleeding, haemolysis

Question 5

Target cells (codocytes)

Answer 5

Liver disease, iron deficiency anaemia

Question 6

Macrocytic anaemia:

with glossitis, peripheral neuropathy

Answer 6

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Question 7

Macrocytic anaemia:

and on drugs, e.g. phenytoin, trimethoprim

Answer 7

Folate deficiency

Question 8

Mild microcytic anaemia

Electrophoresis shows increased HbA2

Answer 8

β thalassaemia trait

Question 9

What is the most appropriate investigation to determine iron stores?

Answer 9

Serum ferritin

Question 10

Known as ‘tear-drop’ cells

Strongly indicative of myelofibrosis

Answer 10

Dacrocytes

Question 11

Blood cell seen in conditions such as haemolytic anaemia and DIC

Answer 11

Schistocytes (fragmented red cells)

Question 12

Blood cell seen in conditions such as haemolytic anaemia or hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 12

Spherocytes

Question 13

Blood cell seen in conditions such as obstructive jaundice, liver disease, haemoglobinopathies and hyposplenism

Answer 13

Target cells

Question 14

Nosebleeds, bruising, gum bleeding and prolonged bleeding from minor wounds

Prolonged bleeding time and APTT

Platelet count and PT are normal

Answer 14

Von Willebrand disease

Question 15

Patient suffering from DVT, with family history of similar problems (grandmother died of PE)

Most common cause of an inherited procoagulant state

Answer 15

Factor V Leiden

Question 16

Blood film shows elliptocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 16

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 17

Fever

Bruises on skin

Normocytic anaemia

Low platelet count

Increased fibrin split products

Answer 17

DIC

Question 18

Megaloblastic anaemia in an alcoholic is likely to be due to…

Answer 18

folate deficiency

Question 19

Common pathway factors (affect PT and APTT)

Answer 19

I, II, V, X

Question 20

Extrinsic pathway (affects PT)

Answer 20

VII

Question 21

Intrinsic pathway (affects APTT)

Answer 21

VIII, IX, XI, XII

Question 22

Female patient admitted with bleeding abnormalities

APTT and bleeding time are prolonged

Prothrombin time and platelet count are normal

Answer 22

Von Willebrand disease

Question 23

What is the translocation that occurs in CML, and what chromosome is it associated with in 95% of patients?

Answer 23

t(9;22)

Philadelphia chromosome

Question 24

What blood cell is the strongest indicator of red blood cell haemolysis?

Answer 24

Schistocyte

Question 25

What is Ham’s test used to diagnose?

Answer 25

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

Question 26

What is the Schilling test used to investigate?

Answer 26

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Question 27

What is the Coomb’s test used to diagnose?

Answer 27

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 28

What can the metabisulfite test be used to investigate?

Answer 28

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 29

What investigation can differentiate between AML and ALL?

Answer 29

Sudan black B

Question 30

A blood film shows auer rods, hypogranular neutrophils and stains with Sudan black B

Answer 30

AML

Question 31

Polycythaemia rubra vera:

_______ red cell mass, ______ erythropoietin level

Answer 31

raised/high

low

Question 32

Patient with a iron deficiency anaemia would have an increased…

Answer 32

transferrin

Question 33

Pancytopenia

Hypocellular bone marrow

Answer 33

Aplastic anaemia

Question 34

Drug used in CML

Answer 34

Imatinib

Question 35

Bone pain

Raised ESR, raised calcium, high urea, high creatinine

Punched out lesions on skeletal x-ray

Answer 35

Myeloma