Haematology and Oncology Flashcards
Howell-Jolly bodies
Hyposplenism
Burr cells
Uraemia
Heinz bodies
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Reticulocytosis
Bleeding, haemolysis
Target cells (codocytes)
Liver disease, iron deficiency anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia:
with glossitis, peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Macrocytic anaemia:
and on drugs, e.g. phenytoin, trimethoprim
Folate deficiency
Mild microcytic anaemia
Electrophoresis shows increased HbA2
β thalassaemia trait
What is the most appropriate investigation to determine iron stores?
Serum ferritin
Known as ‘tear-drop’ cells
Strongly indicative of myelofibrosis
Dacrocytes
Blood cell seen in conditions such as haemolytic anaemia and DIC
Schistocytes (fragmented red cells)
Blood cell seen in conditions such as haemolytic anaemia or hereditary spherocytosis
Spherocytes
Blood cell seen in conditions such as obstructive jaundice, liver disease, haemoglobinopathies and hyposplenism
Target cells
Nosebleeds, bruising, gum bleeding and prolonged bleeding from minor wounds
Prolonged bleeding time and APTT
Platelet count and PT are normal
Von Willebrand disease
Patient suffering from DVT, with family history of similar problems (grandmother died of PE)
Most common cause of an inherited procoagulant state
Factor V Leiden
Blood film shows elliptocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils
Iron deficiency anaemia
Fever
Bruises on skin
Normocytic anaemia
Low platelet count
Increased fibrin split products
DIC
Megaloblastic anaemia in an alcoholic is likely to be due to…
folate deficiency
Common pathway factors (affect PT and APTT)
I, II, V, X
Extrinsic pathway (affects PT)
VII
Intrinsic pathway (affects APTT)
VIII, IX, XI, XII
Female patient admitted with bleeding abnormalities
APTT and bleeding time are prolonged
Prothrombin time and platelet count are normal
Von Willebrand disease
What is the translocation that occurs in CML, and what chromosome is it associated with in 95% of patients?
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome
What blood cell is the strongest indicator of red blood cell haemolysis?
Schistocyte
What is Ham’s test used to diagnose?
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
What is the Schilling test used to investigate?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
What is the Coomb’s test used to diagnose?
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
What can the metabisulfite test be used to investigate?
Sickle cell anaemia
What investigation can differentiate between AML and ALL?
Sudan black B
A blood film shows auer rods, hypogranular neutrophils and stains with Sudan black B
AML
Polycythaemia rubra vera:
_______ red cell mass, ______ erythropoietin level
raised/high
low
Patient with a iron deficiency anaemia would have an increased…
transferrin
Pancytopenia
Hypocellular bone marrow
Aplastic anaemia
Drug used in CML
Imatinib
Bone pain
Raised ESR, raised calcium, high urea, high creatinine
Punched out lesions on skeletal x-ray
Myeloma
