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Year 3 EMQ revision > Cardio and Resp > Flashcards

Cardio and Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Salbutamol is linked with what electrolyte disturbance?

A

Hypokalaemia

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2
Q

Management of TB

A

2 months: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE)

4 months: rifampicin, isoniazid

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3
Q

Isoniazid is associated with the depletion of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin B6 (can manifest as peripheral neuropathy)

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4
Q

Is COPD a cause of finger clubbing?

A

No

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5
Q

Most common lung cancer in non-smokers

A

Adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

Lung cancer that releases PTHrP

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Pneumonia with purulent dark sputum and upper lobe consolidation is likely to be caused by…

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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8
Q

Drug used for relatively rapid blood pressure lowering

A

Sodium nitroprusside

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9
Q

What artery supplies the inferior and posterior aspects of the left ventricle?

A

Right coronary artery

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10
Q

What is Kussmaul’s sign?

A

Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration

(generally seen in constrictive pericarditis)

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11
Q

What drug is an effective as-needed treatment to abort an attack in paroxysmal AF?

A

Oral flecainide

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12
Q

Slow-rising pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

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13
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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14
Q

Bounding pulse

A

Acute CO2 retention, hepatic failure, sepsis

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15
Q

Radiofemoral delay

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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16
Q

Jerky pulse

A

HOCM

Mitral regurgitation

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17
Q

Pulsus bisferiens (biphasic pulse)

A

Mixed aortic valve disease

HOCM

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18
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Constrictive pericarditis

Cardiac tamponade

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19
Q

Raised, fixed JVP

A

Superior vena cava obstruction

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20
Q

JVP rising on inspiration

A

Cardiac temponade

Constrictive pericarditis

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21
Q

Large ‘v’ waves

A

Triscupid regurgitation

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22
Q

Absent ‘a’ waves

A

Atrial fibrillation

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23
Q

Cannon ‘a’ waves

A

Complete heart block

AV dissociation

Ventricular arrhythmias

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24
Q
  • Tapping apex beat
  • Loud first heart sound
  • Rumbling mid-diastolic murmur
    • louder in left lateral position on expiration
A

Mitral stenosis

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25
Q
  • Harsh pansystolic murmur - lower left sternal edge
  • Left parasternal heave
A

Ventricular septal defect

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26
Q
  • Narrow pulse pressure
  • Soft second heart sound
  • Ejection systolic murmur heard in aortic area radiating to carotids and apex
A

Aortic stenosis

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27
Q
  • Large systolic ‘v’ waves
  • Pansystolic murmur - lower left sternal edge
    • best heard in inspiration
A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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28
Q
  • Displaced, volume overloaded apex beat
  • Soft first heart sound
  • Pansystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla
    • louder in expiration
A

Mitral regurgitation

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29
Q
  • Wide pulse pressure
  • Displaced, volume-overloaded apex beat
  • Early diastolic murmur at lower sternal edge
    • best heard in expiration leaning forward
A

Aortic regurgitation

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30
Q

Malar flush

A

Mitral stenosis

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31
Q

Pulsatile hepatomegaly

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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32
Q

What is Corrigan’s sign?

A

Carotid pulsation

(seen in AR)

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33
Q

What is Quincke’s sign?

A

Pulsatile nail beds

(seen in AR)

34
Q

What is Traube’s sign?

A

Pistol-shot heard over femorals

(heard in AR)

35
Q

What is De Musset’s sign?

A

Head nodding

(seen in AR)

36
Q

Cyanosis first month of life

CXR: boot-shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

37
Q

Cyanosis first day of life

CXR: egg-shaped ventricles

A

Transposition of the great vessels

38
Q

Wide, fixed split second heart sound

Ejection systolic murmur 2nd, 3rd intercostal space

A

Atrial septal defect

39
Q

Continuous ‘machinery’ murmur below left clavicle

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

40
Q

‘Saw tooth’ pattern with normal complexes

A

Atrial flutter

41
Q

Peaked ‘p’ wave

A

Right atrial hypertrophy

e.g. pulmonary hypertension, triscupid stenosis

42
Q

Absent ‘p’ wave

A

Atrial fibrillation

Sinoatrial block

43
Q

Saddle-shaped ST elevation

A

Acute constrictive pericarditis

44
Q

Bifid ‘p’ wave

A

Left atrial hypertrophy

e.g. mitral stenosis

45
Q

S1, Q3, T3 pattern

Right axis deviation

RBBB

A

Pulmonary embolus

46
Q

Flattened ‘t’ waves

Prominent ‘u’ waves

Muscle weakness, cramps, tetany

A

Hypokalaemia

47
Q

Long ‘Q-T’ interval

Tetany, perioral paraesthesia, carpopedal spasm

A

Hypocalcaemia

48
Q

Tall tented ‘t’ waves

Wide QRS complex

A

Hyperkalaemia

49
Q

Signs of infarct in II, III, aVF

A

Inferior infarct

50
Q

Reciprocal changes in V1, V2:

Tall R waves
ST depression
Tall upright T waves

A

Posterior infarct

51
Q

Signs of infarct in V2-V5

A

Anterior infarct

52
Q

Signs of infarct in I, aVL, V2-V6

A

Anterolateral infarct

53
Q

Order the ECG signs of an MI:

A. Q waves
B. ST elevation
C. Hyperacute T waves

A

C → B → A

54
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Impotence

SoB

Cold peripheries

A

Beta-blockers

55
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Gynaecomastia

A

Digoxin, spironolactone

56
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Flushing

Headache

Ankle oedema

A

Nifedipine

57
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Drug-induced SLE

A

Hydralazine

58
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Hyper-/hypo-thyroidism

Corneal microdeposits

Lung/liver fibrosis

A

Amiodarone

59
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Constipation

60
Q

Cardiovascular drug side-effects:

Gout (hyperuricaemia)

A

Thiazide diuretics

61
Q

X-ray

Kerley B lines

Bat-wing shadowing

A

Heart failure

62
Q

X-ray

Tram-line shadowing

A

Bronchiectasis

63
Q

X-ray

Ground-glass appearance

64
Q

X-ray

Pleural mass with lobulated margin

A

Mesothelioma

65
Q

X-ray

Miliary shadowing

A

Miliary TB

66
Q

X-ray

Wedge-shaped infarct

A

Pulmonary embolus

67
Q

X-ray

Honeycomb appearance

A

Fibrosis (late)

68
Q

Positive cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma infection

69
Q

Occupation involving water systems

A

Legionella infection

70
Q

Cavitating lungs

A

Staphylococcal / klebsiella infection

71
Q

Contact with birds

A

Chlamydia psittaci

72
Q

HIV positive

Bilateral hilar shadowing

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

73
Q

Respiratory drug side-effects:

Retrobulbar neuritis (pain, loss of vision)

A

Ethambutol

74
Q

Respiratory drug side-effects:

Gout

A

Pyrazinamide

75
Q

Respiratory drug side-effects:

Candidiasis mouth/pharynx

A

Inhaled high-dose corticosteroids

76
Q

Respiratory drug side-effects:

Tremor, tachycardia

A

Salbutamol

77
Q

Respiratory drug side-effects:

Orange-coloured tears/urine

A

Rifampicin

78
Q

Respiratory drug side-effects:

Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis

79
Q

What artery supplies the anterolateral terrtory (I, aVL, V5-6)?

A

Circumflex artery

80
Q

What artery supplies the septum (V1-V4)?

A

Left anterior descending artery

81
Q

Short PR interval

Delta waves / slow upstrokes in R waves

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White

82
Q

What is characteristically heard on auscultation in atrial myxoma?

A

Loud third heart sound

(along with a mid-diastolic murmur)

Year 3 EMQ revision (8 decks)

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