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Medicine - Lizzy > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the nasal septum?

A

Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal (V1)

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2
Q

Which nerves carry taste info from the tongue?

A

VII anterior 2/3

IX posterior 1/3

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3
Q

Is the forehead spared in UMN lesions or LMN?

A

UMN lesion causes drooping of eyelid on affected side but forehead spared
The forehead is not spared in LMN lesions eg Bell’s Palsy

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4
Q

Where are the Golgi tendon organs situated?

A

Junction of skeletal muscle and tendon

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5
Q

What do the muscle spindles detect?

A

Muscle contraction and relaxation

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6
Q

What motor neurones innervate the muscle fibres of the spindle?

A

Gamma motor neurones

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7
Q

What type of muscle do gamma neurones innervate?

A

Intrafusal (muscle spindle isintrafusal muscle)

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8
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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9
Q

What are the roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

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10
Q

What is the outermost layer of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous layer, consists of sclera and cornea

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11
Q

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

A

Vascular layer, comprises choroid, ciliary body and iris

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12
Q

What does the inner layer of the eyeball consist of?

A

Retina

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13
Q

What are the extra ocular muscles?

A 
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus 
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
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14
Q

What is the innervation to the extra ocular muscles?

A

CN III all muscles except these exceptions:
CN IV superior oblique
CN VI lateral rectus

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15
Q

Via which hole does CN I enter the cranial cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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16
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction

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17
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

Abduction

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18
Q

How long does the refractory period last for?

A

5-10ms

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19
Q

Where does decussation of fibres of the DCML system occur?

A

Medulla

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20
Q

How do you test CN II?

A

Observing pupillary constriction in response to light

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21
Q

Which CNs carry parasympathetic fibres?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

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22
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Association fibres from the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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23
Q

What vessels are key to forming the circle of Willis?

A

Vertebral and internal carotid arteries

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24
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, VI

25
Q

What are the function of Schwann cells and where would you find them?

A

Myelinate nerve cell axons in the peripheral nervous system

26
Q

What myelinates axons of the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

27
Q

Where are the left and right phrenic nerves formed?

A

Cervical plexus (C3,4,5)

28
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Head turning to visual stimulus

29
Q

Which spinal tract controls muscles involved in balance and posture?

A

Vestibulospinal tract

30
Q

In which lobe is Broca’s area situated?

31
Q

In which lobe is Wernicke’s lobe situated?

32
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Pre-central gyrus in frontal lobe

33
Q

What is also known as Brodmann’s area 44?

A

Broca’s area

34
Q

What is also known as Brodmann’s area 4?

A

Primary motor cortex

35
Q

What produces and abnormal rhythmical output in Parkinson’s?

A

Basal ganglia

36
Q

Where are the axons of UMNs mainly located?

A

Lateral white matter of spinal cord

37
Q

Where are the mossy fibres derived from?

A

Many brain stem motor nuclei except the inferior ok ovary nucleus

38
Q

What sensation info does the spinalthalamic tract carry?

A

Pain, temperature and crude touch

39
Q

Is the basilar membrane of the cochlear wider at its apex or base?

40
Q

Which section of the basilar membrane of the cochlear is sensitive to low frequencies?

A

The apex - it’s wider

The base can’t hear the bass

41
Q

Is the middle ear cavity fluid or air filled?

42
Q

Where are the climbing fibres derived from?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

43
Q

How many rows of inner and outer hair cells are there in the cochlear?

A

4-5 rows of outer hairs

1 row of inner

44
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexi in lateral ventricles

45
Q

What are the layers of dura called?

A

Inner meningeal layer

Outer endosteal layer

46
Q

What is the dorsal part of the midbrain also known as?

47
Q

What is the ventral part of the midbrain also known as?

48
Q

What passes via the foramen lacerum?

A

Internal carotid artery

49
Q

What is the name of the midline foramen in the IVth ventricle?

A

Foramen of magendie

50
Q

What does CSF flow through to get from the lateral to 3rd ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen

51
Q

What joins Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

A

Arcuate fascilicus

52
Q

What is the path of the drainage of venous blood from the brain?

A 
Deep cerebral veins
Superficial cerebral veins
Venous sinuses
Internal jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Inferior vena cava
53
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

Subarachnoid space and spinal canal

54
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A

Buoyancy, protection, regulates inter cranial pressure, chemical stability, clearing waste

55
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

Absorbed by arachnoid villi into venous sinuses

56
Q

What is the contents of the cavernous sinus?

A

CNs III, IV, V1, V2, VI, internal carotid artery, pituitary gland, sphenoid sinus

57
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries travel up the cervical vertebrae?

A

Transverse foramen

58
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there and how many pair section of spine?

A 
31 pairs:
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
59
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

Medicine - Lizzy (6 decks)

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