GI Flashcards
Where is gastric acid produced?
parietal cells in gastric pits of the body and fundus of the stomach
Which factors increase gastric acid production?
cephalic phase (sight, smell, taste of food) gastric turning on (gastric distension, peptides and amino acids in the stomach)
Which factors decrease gastric acid production?
duodenal turning off (duodenal distension, low duodenal pH)
gastric turning off ( low luminal pH, lack of protein etc. in stomach, excess acid production by negative feedback)
What are the 5 stages of the embryology of the midgut?
elongation herniation rotation retraction fixation
In embryology, what connects the anterior abdominal wall to the liver?
falciform ligament
What are the 3 salivary glands?
parotid gland, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
What are the 3 layers of smooth muscles in the wall of the stomach?
longitudinal layer, circular layer, oblique layer
What do enteroendocrine (G) cells secrete?
Gastrin
What are derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal pouch?
middle ear cavity, auditory tube
What are the 3 types of cell on the Islets of Langerhans and what do each produce?
Alpha Cells - glucagon
beta cells - insulin
delta cells - somatostatin
What is the role of pepsin?
carries out 20% of all protein digestion
protein to smaller proteins not amino acids
Where is pepsin produced?
chief cells produce pepsinogen
pepsinogen gets converted to pepsin by HCl/ acidic pH
Where is intrinsic factor produced and what is it needed for?
parietal cells, needed for vitamin B12 absorption
What are the boundaries of the midgut?
3rd part of duodenum to 2/3rds along transverse colon
What is the blood supply to the midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
