Neuro Flashcards
APGAR
appearance/skin color, pulse rate, grimace, activity, respiration
scored 0, 1, or 2 max score of 10 at 1 and 5 min after birth
thalamus
center where sensation, movement, emotion, and memory converge
cerebellum
balance, smooth execution of movement, synergistic movement
basal ganglia
what happens if they are not working?
connect to motor cortex to regulate movement. if not working, have involuntary movements like chorea
functions of limbic system
MOVE Motivation and memory Olfactory Visceral, ANS Emotions
Bulbar sign means…
brainstem and CN issue
What are the cranial nerves?
HINT : Oh oh oh tiny teens are for very good virgins special hips
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus spinal accessory hypoglossal
What part of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
What part of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?
lateral surface
What part of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
occipital
What is the mnemonic to remember if cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both?
some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more.
what are deep tendon reflexes?
stretch of the muscle spindle
what is clonus?
involuntary contractions of opposing muscles causing a bouncing motion. tested in ankle.
What is a Babinski sign?
stroke lateral surface of foot and across heads of toes towards big toe. Normal response is toe flexion, abnormal response is toes fan out. Indicates neurological problem if seen in child or adult. Normal for infants.
hypertonia is a problem of what?
motor neurons
hypotonia is a problem of what?
cerebellum
what is a hemiballism
wild flinging of extremity, damage to subthalamic nucleus
what is athetosis
slow writhing movement, damage to all basal ganglia
what is dystonia
slow twisting motion, damage to all basal ganglia
what is a tremor
quick oscillating movement AT REST, damage to substantia nigra
dysmetria
poor measured movement-dmaged cerebellum
dysdiadochokinesia
rapid alternating movement-damaged cerebellum
ataxia
jerky movement-damaged cerebellum
What is the Romberg test?
stand, close eyes, watch for sway or LOB
DC/ML tract is for…
Ipsilateral or contralateral in SC?
is it sensory or motor?
PV2
prop, vibration, discriminative touch (2 point touch)
ipsilateral. crosses at medulla
Spinothalamic is for…
Ipsilateral or contralateral in SC?
is it sensory or motor?
PTP
pain, temp, crude touch/pressure
contralateral. crosses in spinal cord
Spinoreticular is for…
Ipsilateral or contralateral in SC?
is it sensory or motor?
slow burning pain-nociceptors
contralateral. crosses in spinal cord
fasciculus cuneatus carries info from what part of the body?
fasciculus gracilis?
FC = upper extremity FG = lower extremity
Spinocerebellar tract is for…
unconscious prop and pressure
Corticospinal tract is for…
Ipsilateral or contralateral in SC?
is it sensory or motor?
voluntary movement of distal extremities
ipsilateral
motor
what is an absence seizure?
what is a tonic-clonic seizure?
1-3 min tonic phase-muscles stiffen
clonic phase- rapid rhythmic jerking
What are infantile spasms?
< 15 seconds “drop attack”
loss of muscle tone, usually fall to ground
when will basal ganglia d/o symptoms be present?
at rest, because are involuntary
stage 1 parkinsons
mild.
stage 2 parkinsons
both sides of body involved. balance ok
stage 3 parkinsons
moderate impairment. slowing of reflexes but still independent
stage 4 parkinsons
severe bilateral. can no longer live alone. festinating gait., balance and walking markedly impaired
stage 5 parkinsons
advanced disease, complete immobility
4 stages of alzheimers
mild- word finding
mod - problem solving
mod-severe - memory loss of well known material
severe - confused in familiar surroundings
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune d/o resulting in progressive muscle weakness
myasthenia gravis is very similar to…
MS
post-polio
ascending muscle weakness. do NOT push through pain! causes additional muscle weakness!
guillan barre syndrome
fast demyelination in peripheral nerves, ascending.
fatigue management!
what does erb’s palsy affect?
upper trunk C5-6
what does klumpke’s palsy affect?
lower trunk C8-T1
