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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Resting potential for neurons

A

-70 mV

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2
Q

An AP is triggered by the opening of the —— on the — channel

A

M gate
Sodium

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3
Q

Opening of —- causes prolongation of the AP

A

slow Ca+2 channel

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4
Q

opening of — channels is causes repolarization

A

K+

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5
Q

Closing of —— leads to the absolute refractory period

A

H gate of Na+ channel

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6
Q

Threshold for neuronal AP is —

A

-55 mV

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7
Q

MOA of local anesthetics (lidocaine, bupivacaine)

A

inactivates Na+ channels to decrease excitability

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8
Q

Rocuconium MOA

A

Nondepolarizing NMJ blocker
competitive ACh antagonist

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9
Q

Succinylcholine MOA

A

depolarizing NMJ blocker
Ach agonist causing depolarization and inactivation of Na+ channels

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10
Q

Nondepolarizing NMJ blocker reversal

A

Ach esterase inhibitor (pyridostigmine, neostigmine, edrophonium)

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11
Q

What is safety factor at NMJ

A

the ability of neuromuscular transmission to remain effective

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12
Q

Receptor that releases Ca+2 from SR d/t AP in the T tubule

A

Ryanodine receptor

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13
Q

Protein that pumps Ca+2 back into SR

A

SERCA

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14
Q

I band is made of

A

actin only

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15
Q

A band is made of

A

actin and myosin

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16
Q

protein that attaches Z disk and myosin

A

titin

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17
Q

Ca+2 binds to ——- to pull —- off of actin

A

troponin C
tropomyosin

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18
Q

Slow fibers (type 1) have — capillaries — mitochondria and — myoglobin compared to type II

A

more
more
more

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19
Q

acidosis (increases/decreases) neuron excitation

A

increases

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20
Q

A, B, C fibers in order of size large to small

A

A, B, C

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21
Q

A, B, C fibers in order of myelination most to least

A

A, B, C

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22
Q

what pathway is faster DCLM or anterolateral

A

DCLM

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23
Q

what pathway has better special orientation DCLM or anterolateral

A

DCLM

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24
Q

location of preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies

A

intermediolateral horn T1-L4 (dog), T1-L5 cat

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25
Location postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies
sympathetic chain
26
location of preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies
brainstem, sacral spinal cord
27
location of postganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies
at the target organ
28
B1 agonist
dobuatmine
29
CN with sympathetic component
3, 7, 9, 10
30
tetraethyl ammonium, hexamethonium, and pentolinium MOA
ganglionic blocker
31
muscarinic agonists
pilocarpine and methacholine
32
muscarinic antagonists
atropine, scopolamine
33
tick that causes paralysis in dogs in North America
Dermacentor
34
Botulism toxin
Neurotoxin C
35
Pyrethrin neurotox MOA
Block inactivation of Na+ channels
36
4- aminopyridine neurotox MOA
blocks K+ channel
37
organophosphate neurotox MOA
Ach esterase inhibitor
38
Baclofen barbituate Benzo neurotox MOA
GABA agonist
39
Bromethalin neurotox MOA
Uncouples oxphos --> fluid accumulation in the myelin
40
tremogenic mycotoxin neurotox MOA
inhibit GABA and glutamate
41
what are the three types of brain edema
Cytoxic Vasogenic Interstitial
42
MOA of cytotoxic brain edema
depletion of energy, failure of Na/K ATPase pump -
43
MOA vasogenic brain edema
vascular endothelium / BBB disruption
44
MOA interstitial brain edema
obstruction of CSF
45
two most common arteries suspectable to ischemic brain infarcts
rostral cerebellar A middle cerebral A
46
GME is what type of HS
type 4
47
Dog breed predisposed to NME
maltase and pugs
48
Dog breed predisposed to NLE
yorkies
49
diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
>10% eos on CSF
50
#1 abx for bacterial meningoencephalitis
ampicillin
51
Most common cause of viral meningoencephalitis dog
distemper
52
Most common cause of viral meningoencephalitis cat
FIP
53
CNs involved in orbital fissure syndrome
3, 4, 6
54
Horners pathway
Brainstem UMN --> T1- T3 --> vagosympathetic trunk --> cranial cervical ganglion --> eye
55
test to differentiate pre or post ganglionic Horners
topical phenylepherine
56
Horners mydriasis within 20 min with topical phenylephrine
postganglionic
57
Wobblers is autosomal dominant in what breed
dobies
58
What kind of wobblers happens in young dogs
osseus
59
What kind of wobblers happens in old dogs
disc associated
60
dogs breed predisposed to degenerative myelopathy
Boxers, Rhodesian, GSD
61
Diagnosis for SRMA
nondegenerate neut in CSF, CSF IgA
62
most common discospondylitis organism
staph pseudointermedius
63
Gold standard dx for acquired myasthenia Gravis
Anti Ach receptor Ab
64
reasons for false negative MG on Ab test
early disease steroid administration
65
Breeds associated with congenital MG
JRT, smooth fox terrier, springer, samoyed
66
Dx for congenital MG
biopsy and AchR quantification
67
breed that spontaneously recovers from MG
mini dachaunds
68
What form of FIP is most associated with neuro signs
non effusive
69
Phenobarbital MOA
GABA mimetic --> influx of Cl - --> hyperpolarize
70
KBr MOA
promote intracellular Cl- for hyperpolarization
71
why cant you give cats KBr
1/3 get severe allergic pneumonitis
72
Zonisimide MOA
inhibit Na+ and Ca+2 channels
73
two AEDs that can effect thyroid testing
pheno and zonisimide
74
Keppra MOA
bind SVA2 to impact NT release
75
Gabapentin MOA
binds CaVa2d of Ca+2 channels to inhibit Ca+2 influx, substance P, NE, and glutamate
76

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