Neuro Flashcards
S1 pathway
M1 pathway
A1 pathway
V1 pathway
Bilateral vs unilateral brain damage
- Bilateral damage to the posterior parietal and lateral occipital cortex can result in Balint’s syndrome, where the ability to perceive multiple objects is diminished or lost.
- Unilateral damage (eg. stroke) can result in unilateral neglect syndromes. In these syndromes, one side of the scene/image is neglected.
What happens in developmental neurobiology?
- Brain development involves the production of neurons (‘siring’) but then wiring them up into circuits, and then physiological development/ refinement of those circuits (‘firing’), which extends into adult life
- As the cerebral cortex develops, it undergoes ‘thinning’ as synapses are eliminated and circuits mature. Primary cortical areas undergo this process to the least extent, and complete it the earliest; multimodel association areas are still changing into adult life, most obviously here the prefrontal cortex
- The final stages of circuit development involve myelination of axons. This process peaks in pre- teen childhood in S1 and M1, but peaks well into adult life in multimodal association areas in the temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex.
What happens in varicella-zoster virus infection (shingles)?
What happens in diabetic neuropathy?
What happens in denervation atrophy?
What happens in myasthenia gravis?
What are the 3 motor pathways?
What aer the 2 somatosensory pathways?
Ascending vs descending pathways
What is central cord syndrome?
Result of tumour, bleed etc
What are the Ddx for central cord syndrome?
Where are the spinal cord lesions if…
he is able to feel pain in his left arm and leg, but not his right arm and leg, and he cannot feel touch in his right leg. He also has right-sided hemiparesis
How does visceral pain travel in the dorsal column pathway?
Bell’s palsy vs stroke
Votional vs emotions paresis
What parts of the body have segmented organisation?
- spinal cord and mesodermal somites
- medulla
- pharyngeal arches
What are placodes?
Sense organs in the head develop (in part) from a series of specialized thickening of ectoderm: placodes, which are often capable of differentiating
into neurons.
What happens in neuralation?
What is the neural crest?
The neural crest is a multipotent population of neuroectodermal cells that migrate from the dorsal
neural tube (literally the ‘crest’ during neurulation).
The neural crest cells are progenitor cells that migrate out of the CNS and give rise to the PNS and a number of other tissues.
In the head, they form musculoskeletal tissues too. Crucially, cranial neural crest (and cardiac a tiny bit) can give rise to ectomesenchyme (cartilage and bone); vagal, trunk, and sacral neural crest do not.
What happens in cranial morphogenesis?
