GI Tract Flashcards
What are the layers if GI tract deep to superficial?
What is the blood supply of the GI tact layers?
What is sigmoid diverticular disease?
Herniation of the mucosal layer through a weak point of the muscle coat due to increased intra luminal pressure – colon (sigmoid
What is the pathogenesis of crohns?
• Crohn disease – NOD 2 susceptibility gene binds to intracellular bacterial peptidoglycans. Defective NOD 2 allows bacterial to enter intestinal epithelium
• Defects in epithelial tight junctions
• Defects in regulatory T cells, especially the IL-10-producing subset
• Variation in gut microbiota (differences in density or compositio
Crohns vs UC
What is the macroscopic appearance of crohns?
- cobblestone mucosa
- creeping fat
- thickened bowel wall
- strictures
What is the microscopic appearance of crohns?
- ulceration
- transmural inflammation
- crypt abscesses
- non-caseating granuloma
How is crohns managed?
• Surgical – strictures, fistula, obstruction
• Anti-inflammatory – corticosteroids, anti-TNF alpha inhibitors
• Surveillance endoscopy – risk of dysplasia and malignancy
What are the macroscopic appearances of UC?
- abnormal granular mucosa
- pseudopolyp
- wall thinning
What are the microscopic appearances of UC?
- cryptic abscesses
- no granulomas
- inflammation limited to mucosa and submucosa
- broad based ulcers
- pseudopolyps
How is UC managed?
• Aminosalicylates
• Corticosteroids
• Immunosuppressants – Azathioprine
• Biological agents
• Surgery – not responding to medical treatment
What is the most common GI tract malignancy?
Adenocarcinoma of the colon
What is FAP caused by?
autosomal dominant disorder - mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC)
What are the symptoms of bowel cancer?
• right-sided colon cancers -fatigue and weakness due to iron-deficiency anemia. Underlying cause of iron-deficiency anemia in an older male/ postmenopausal female is gastrointestinal cancer until proven otherwise.
• Left-sided colorectal adenocarcinomas may produce occult bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or cramping left lower-quadrant discomfort
What is the Duke’s staging of colorectal cancer?
