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assessment final > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Three guiding questions for neuro exam?

A
  1. Is the mental status intact?
  2. Are your findings symmetrical?
  3. Where is the lesion?
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2
Q

Grey Matter

A

Exterior layer and deep in brain

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3
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated so electrical impulses can travel fast

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4
Q

Frontal lobe control what?

A

Voluntary motor functions, planning, mood, smell, and social judgment

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5
Q

Parietal lobe controls what?

A

Somatosensory reception, taste and integration of sensory information

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6
Q

Occipital lobe controls what/

A

Visual cener

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7
Q

Temporal lobe controls what?

A

hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotions

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8
Q

Cerebellum controls what?

A

Motor coordination

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9
Q

For spinal nerves, dorsal root carries what info. and ventral root carries what info?

A

dorsal-sensory info

ventral- motor info

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10
Q

CNS consists of what?

A

brain, midbrain, spinal cord

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11
Q

PNS consists of what?

A

CN 1-12 and peripheral nerves

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12
Q

Motor pathways are?

A

Upper motor neurons

Lower motor neurons- final common pathway (movement only affected by signals from lower motor neurons)

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13
Q

Diabetic patients with small fiber neuropathy report what type of pain? Large fiber neuropathy?

A

Small fiber neuropathy- sharp, burning, shooting foot pain

Large fiber neuropathy- numbness and tingling or no sensation

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14
Q

What does stroke spare the forehead?

A

Upper face is controlled by pathways from both sides of the cortex and although the upper motor neurons on one side may be destroyed, neurons on the other side will remain

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15
Q

Things for stroke prevention

A
  1. control HTN
  2. control lipids
  3. control DM
  4. quit smoking
  5. maintain healthy weight
  6. exercise
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16
Q

Red flags for Headache

A
  1. Age>50
  2. stiff neck
  3. new, sudden onset of symptoms
  4. thunderclap
  5. diplopia, photophobia, orbital pain
  6. vomiting w/o nausea
17
Q

Red flags for infants

A
  1. floppy baby
  2. increased spasticity and tone
  3. reappearance/persistent primitive reflexes
  4. fisting after 3 months of age
  5. slow appearance of postural reflexes
  6. no social smile, no stranger anxiety/poor attachments
  7. poor sleep and persistent crying
18
Q

Infant exam includes?

A
  1. measure head circumference
  2. early or delayed closure of fontanels
  3. listen for bruits over cranium
  4. opthalmoscopy for red reflex
  5. EOMS
19
Q

Preschooler Red flags

A
  1. Neurocutaneous syndromes- tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, sturge-weber disease
  2. dominant handedness before 18 months
  3. pes cavus- highly arched feet
  4. increased irritability or lethargy
  5. aggressive behavior, impaired comprehension, memory loss
  6. inability to perform series of steps to complete task
20
Q

Preschooler exam includes what?

A
  1. red reflex
  2. corneal light reflex
  3. EOM
  4. motor strength
  5. vision
  6. hearing
21
Q

Cerebellar function does what?

A
  1. coordinates muscular activity, maintains equilibrium, and controls posture
  2. coordination- finger to nose, rapid alternating movements, heel to shin, toe tapping
  3. romberg/gait
  4. shallow knee bend
22
Q

2 sensory pathways are?

A

Spinothalamic tract- pain, temp, crude touch

Posterior column- position, vibration, fine touch

23
Q

What are the spinal reflexes?

A
  1. DTRs

2. cutaneous reflexes- bulbocavernous, anal wink, cremastic

24
Q

DTR grading

A

0- no response
1- low normal, slightly diminished
2- normal
3- more brisk than normal, not necessarily indicative of disease
4- brisk, hyperactive, clonus of tendon associated with disease

25
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory- sense of smell, sensory

26
Q

CN 2

A

optic nerve- visual acuity (central vision), gross visual fields (peripheral vision)- sensory

27
Q

CN 3

A

oculmotor- PERRL; EOM- motor

28
Q

CN 4

A

trochlear- PERL; EOM- motor

29
Q

CN5

A

trigeminal- clench teeth- both sensory and motor

30
Q

CN 6

A

Abducens- PERL; EOM- motor

31
Q

CN 7

A

facial- 7 facial movements- both sensory and motor

32
Q

CN 8

A

acoustic- hearing, whisper test- sensory

33
Q

CN 9

A

glossopharyngeal- say AH- both sensory and motor

34
Q

CN 10

A

vagus- say AH- both sensory and motor

35
Q

CN 11

A

spinal accessory- shoulder shrug and head movement against resistance- motor

36
Q

CN 12

A

hypoglossal- stick out tongue, lingual speech: round the rugged rock the fascal ran- motor

assessment final (6 decks)

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