Neuro Flashcards
signs of achondrodysplasia in neonates
arrest of femur development at 28 weeks gestation
macrocephaly secondary to foramen magnum stenosis
how to distinguish GBS and tranvserve myelitis
GBS is LMN signs
transverse myelitis is UMN signs
seizure type and EEG of benign rolandic epilepsy
facial twitching
centrotemporal spikes
vomiting before seizure =
panayiotopoulos syndrome
calcification pattern in CMV and toxoplasmosis
CMV = periventricular
toxoplasmosis = diffuse
features of Sotos syndrome
macrocephaly
large hands and feet
interlectual impairment
Features of glutaric aciduria type 1
encephalopathy
subdural effusions
features of Landau Kleffner syndrome
normal –> aphasia –> epilepsy
features of angelmans syndrome
cognitive impairment
happy
flappy hands
jerky movements
microcephaly
blonde hair
angelmans syndrome numbers
15q11.2-q13
location of acute viral encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
AVE = grey
ADEM = white
friedrich’s ataxia inheritance
autosomal recessive
GAA repeat on FXN gene
Friedrich’s ataxia presentation
progressive ataxia
absent reflexes
dysarthria
kyphoscoliosis
HOCM/CCF
DM
optic atrophy
meds for tonic clonic
valproate/lamotrigine
meds for absence
ethosuximide/valproate
meds for myoclonic
valproate/keppra
tonic/atonic
valproate/lamotrigine
presentation of Lennox Gastaut
frequent status epilepticus
Rx neonatal seizures
phenobarbitol
Rett syndrome course
normal development until 6-18 months the regression
sun setting sign
hydrocephalus
communicating hydrocephalus
meningitis
non communicating hydrocephalus
aquaduct stenosis
atresia of the outflow of the forth ventricle
chiari malformation
fossa neoplasm or malformation
main complication of VP shunt
Obstruction
Staph infection
Sturge Weber eye manifestation
glaucoma
Ix in all children with seizures
ECG to r/o long QT
Seizures in sleep
Benign rolandic or Lennox Gastaut
Ix in Bells Palsy
Bp - association with CoA and renal failure
Charcot Marie Tooth
- inheritence
- biopsy
- signs
autosomal dominant
onion bulb
bilateral foot drop
meningiocele vs myelomeningocele
meningiocele = meninges bulge, skin covers
myelomeningiocele = meninges and cord protrudes, often no skin
hip in myelomeningiocele
dislocation due to low tone
which lesions cause a facial nerve palsy
pontine
night terrors with posturing?
get EEG for ?frontal lobe epilepsy
management of night terrors
sleep hygiene
which bug is associated with hearing loss in meningitis
HiB
how to reduce hearing loss in meningitis
early dex
What to do for a first presentation of infantile spasm
paediatric neurologist within 24hrs
management of infantile spasms
vigabatrin and prednisolone (unless has tuberus sclerosis)
weekly review and urine glucose and bp
repeat sleep EEG at 2 weeks
other AED or ketogenic diet is second line
meningitis with acute hydrocephalus
TB
presentation of SSPE
behaviour change
jerky movements
aphasia
dementia
Ix for SSPE
EEG
Elevated CSF: serum specific IgG
4th nerve palsy
-nerve name
- muscle name
- action
- presentation of palsy
trochlear
superior oblique
depresses eye (used for walking down stairs)
elevated and lateral position in palsy
