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FOP > Haematology and Oncology > Flashcards

Haematology and Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

ITP + AIHA =

A

Evan’s syndrome

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2
Q

Which immunoglobulin drives ITP?

A

IgG

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3
Q

3 features of craniopharyngioma

A

headache
visual disturbance
hormone imbalance

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4
Q

G6PD blood results

A

Low - Hb, haptoglobin, spectrophotometric assay <10%

High - reticulocytes, bili, lactate

Present - Heinz cells, bite cells, polychromasia

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5
Q

Factor 8 levels in severe haemophilia A

A

<1%

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6
Q

most important treatment in sickle cell

A

high flow O2 (hypoxia drives sickling)

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7
Q

What do Howell Jolly bodies show?

A

splenic dysfunction e.g. sickle cell

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8
Q

onset of high grade astrocytoma

A

acute

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9
Q

sickle cell diagnosis

A

electrophoresis

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10
Q

how does sickle cell cause macrocytosis?

A

chronic haemolysis = folate deficiency

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11
Q

alpha thalassaemia deletions

A

1 or 2 = trait
3 = HbH disease
4 = foetal hydrops and fatal Bart’s

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12
Q

beta thalassaemia mutations

A

1 = minor
2 = major

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13
Q

most common solid tumour in children and location

A

medulloblastoma (cerebellar)

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14
Q

how to confirm aplastic crisis

A

reticulocytes inappropriately low

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15
Q

who gets Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

teenagers

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16
Q

G6PD inheritance

A

X linked recessive

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17
Q

hereditary spherocytosis inheritance

A

AD

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18
Q

sickle cell and thalassaemia skull deformities

A

sickle cell = overbite
thalassaemia = bossing

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19
Q

haemophilia coag results

A

raised aPTT
normal bleeding time

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20
Q

supraclavicular LN enlargement?

A

do CXR for ?mediastinal involement ?cancer

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21
Q

tuberous sclerosis presentation

A

epilepsy
macules
shagreen patch
fibroma/lipoma/harmatomas
dental pits
renal cysts

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22
Q

regular Ix for tuberous sclerosis

A

MRI head and abdo

23
Q

haptoglobin in haemolysis

A

low

24
Q

ependyoma location

A

extends into the upper cervical cord through the foramen magnum

25
Q

test for neuroblastoma

A

urine catecholamines

26
Q

bloods in hereditary spherocytosis

A

anaemia
unconjugated jaundice

27
Q

major haemorrhage management

A

20ml/kg RBC
if still shocked
10ml/kg cryoprecipitate

28
Q

most common childhood leukaemia

A

ALL

29
Q

first treatment in ALL

A

correct anaemia and platelets before chemo

30
Q

timing of CNS infiltration in ALL

A

relapse rather than diagnosis

31
Q

Fanconi’s anaemia inheritance

A

autosomal recessive

32
Q

drug to avoid in haemaphilia

A

NSAIDs

33
Q

which haemophilia may be managed by desmopressin if mild?

A

A

34
Q

iron content in milk

A

Cows milk is higher than breast but more poorly absorbed

35
Q

which iron preparations for children and why

A

edentate or polysaccharide (others stain teeth)

36
Q

test before steroids for ITP

A

bone marrow biopsy to exclude ALL

37
Q

when to give a platelet transfusion

A

life threatening bleed (only raises plt for a few hours)

38
Q

G6PD activity in crisis

A

high

39
Q

when to do splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis

A

> 7yo due to sepsis risk

40
Q

2 conditions associated with spherocytes and how to differentiate

A

hereditary spherocytosis
AIHA

do DAT

41
Q

LT drug for sickle cell

A

hydroxycarbamide

42
Q

post stroke management of sickle cell

A

sibling bone marrow transplant

43
Q

Rx for mild von willebrand

A

desmopressin

44
Q

Rx for severe von willebrand

A

plasma derived factor 8 concentrate

45
Q

Which AIHA is more common

A

warm (IgG)

46
Q

how does warm AIHA cause haemolysis

A

extravascular

47
Q

AIHA presentation

A

dark urine
anaemia
splenomegaly
DVT

48
Q

where does foetal haematopoesis occur

A

liver

49
Q

Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopaenia

Pathophysiology
Presentation
Treatment

A

Baby inherits dad’s platelets with antigens on. Sensitisation event occurs and mum develops attacking Ab that can cross the placenta and attack babies platelets. (Mum attacks baby).
Low Plts = purpura and intracranial haemorrhage in otherwise well baby and mum
Give antigen negative platelets (irradiated and plasma removed)

50
Q

DAT in hereditary spherocytosis

A

negative

51
Q

when to do a bone marrow biopsy in ITP

A

bone pain or limp
abnormal lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
persistent fever
macrocytosis
FH or PMH of bleeding
other abnormalities on FBC

52
Q

DIC bloods

A

low fibrinogen
high PT

53
Q

how to differentiate AML and ALL

A

myeloperoxidase is positive in AML

FOP (13 decks)

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