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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination of movement and balance and muscle tone

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2
Q

hypothalamus

A

temperature control, sleep, emotions, pituitary gland, autonomic avctivity

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3
Q

medulla

A

respiration, hear, GI function

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4
Q

What is the function of CN I?

A

olfactory

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5
Q

What is the function of CN II?

A

oculomotor

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6
Q

What is the function of CN IV?

A

trochlear

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7
Q

What is the function of CN V?

A

trigeminal

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8
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

abducens

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9
Q

What is the functions CN VII

A

facial

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10
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A

acoustic

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11
Q

What is the function of CN IX?

A

glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

What is the function of CN X?

A

vagus

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13
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

spinal

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14
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

hypoglossal

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15
Q

How do you test for CN II?

A

visual acuity with confrontation

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16
Q

How do you test CN III?

A

PERRLA

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17
Q

How do you test CN IV?

A

EOM test

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18
Q

How do you test CN V?

A

palpate facial muscle/ separate jaw attempts, cotton whisp test

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19
Q

How do you test CN VI?

A

EOM test

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20
Q

How do you test CN VII?

A

facial symmetry

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21
Q

How do you test CN VIII?

A

normal convo and whisper test

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22
Q

How do you test CN IX?

A

depress tongue and check uvula retraction when saying “ahhh”

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23
Q

How do you test CN X?

A

depress tongue and check uvula retraction when saying “ahhh”

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24
Q

How do you test CN XI?

A

turn head against resistance

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25
Q

How do you test CN XII?

A

stick out tongue and say light, tight, dynamite

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26
Q

What is the romberg test?

A

person hold standing position with eyes closed for 20 seconds

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27
Q

What does a positive Romberg test mean?

A

swaying signals cerebellar ataxia (MS), lowered proprioception and lowered vestibular function

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28
Q

How do you perform the superficial pain test?

A
  • use a pointed tongue blade and alternate sharp and dull to see fi patient is able to detect the changes
  • patient says sharp or dull
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29
Q

How do you assess light touch?

A
  • use a cotton whip and brush on skin
  • person says yes and now when sensed
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30
Q

What is stereo genesis?

A

person’s ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes and wights with eyes closed

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31
Q

What is the primary function of the stereogenesis?

A
  • assess parietal lobe discrepancies
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32
Q

How do you assess deep tendon reflexes?

A
  • direct a short and snappy blow to insertion of tendon with hammer
  • smaller tendons use pointed end
  • large tendons use fat end
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33
Q

What is the normal finding of deep tendon reflexes?

A

Equal

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34
Q

What are three abnormal findings of deep tendon reflexes?

A
  1. hyporeflexia
  2. clonus
  3. hyperreflexia
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35
Q

clonus

A

short jerking contraction

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36
Q

hyporeflexia

A

absence of reflex with lower motor neuron problems leading to spinal cord injury

37
Q

hyperreflexia

A

exaggerated with upper CNS neuron lesions (stroke)

38
Q

What are the 5 grades of the reflexes?

A

4+ very brisk, hyperactive with clonus
3+ brisker than average, may indicate disease
2+ average, normal
1+ diminished, low normal
0 no response

39
Q

What is the normal plantar reflex?

A
  • should initiate plantar flexion of toes and sometimes the whole foot with the J motion
40
Q

What is the Babinski reflex?

A

in infancy when big toe dorsiflects and other toes fan

41
Q

What signals an upper motor neuron disease of pyramidal tract?

A

babinski relfex

42
Q

what is the glasgow coma scale?

A

defines level of consciousness with numeric value

43
Q

What is the scaling for eye opening?

A

4- spontaneous
3- to speech
2- to pain
1- no response

44
Q

What is the scaling for motor?

A

6- obeys verbal command
5- localizes pain
4- flexion (w/ drawl)
3- flexion (abnormal)
2- extension (abnormal)
1- no response

45
Q

What is the scaling for verbal?

A

5- oriented x3
4- conversation confused
3- speech inappropriate
2- speech incomprehensible
1- no response

46
Q

What is a normal score on the glasgow coma scale?

A

adds up to 15

47
Q

What is a score signaling coma on the glasgow coma scale?

48
Q

PNS

A

12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves

49
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

50
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

A

thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, voluntary movement

51
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

main place for incoming information

52
Q

what are the sections of the spinal nerves?

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
    -1 coccygeal
53
Q

CN IV, XI, XII are:
a. motor
b. sensory
c. mixed

54
Q

CN I, II, VIII are:
a. motor
b. sensory
c. mixed

55
Q

CN III, V, VII, IX, X are:
a. motor
b. sensory
c. mixed

56
Q

What are the 5 parts of the reflex arc?

A
  1. intact sensory nerve afferent
  2. functional synapse in the cord
  3. intact motor nerve
  4. the NM junction
  5. the competent muscle
57
Q

How do you obtain objective data?

A
  1. perform neurologic screening on well people
  2. perform neurologic recheck on people with deficits
58
Q

Papilledema? Which nerve does it affect?

A
  • increased cranial pressure leading to optic atrophy
  • CN II
59
Q

ptosis

A

drooping with myasthenia grevis

60
Q

Which CN does Horner Syndrome affect?

61
Q

Nystagmus

A

Back and forth quiver of eyes

62
Q

What is the motor function of the trigeminal?

A
  • palpate chewing muscle with patient clenching teeth
  • push down on chin in attempt to separate the jaw
63
Q

What is the sensory function of the trigeminal?

A
  • touch cotton whip to forehead, cheeks and chin
64
Q

What is the motor function of CN VII?

A

motility and facial movement

65
Q

What is fasciculation? Which nerve does it affect?

A
  • tongue deviation to one side
  • hypoglossal (CN XII)
66
Q

What are you testing for with the muscle strength test?

A
  1. size
  2. strength
67
Q

Atrophy

A

wasted away small muscle with injury or disease

68
Q

If there is a difference in muscle measure what is a non significant measure?

69
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase size and strength with isometric exercise

70
Q

What do you observe for with cerebellar function?

A
  1. gait
  2. romberg test
71
Q

ataxia

A

uncoordinated or unsteady gait

72
Q

hypoaglasia

A

decreased pain sensation

73
Q

hyoaglasia

A

increased pain sensation

74
Q

analgesia

A

absent pain sensation

75
Q

hypoesthesia

A

decreased touch sensation

76
Q

anesthesia

A

absent touch sensation

77
Q

hyperpaestheisa

A

increased touch sensation

78
Q

What is the first sensation lost with a diabetic patient?

79
Q

How do you test the biceps reflex?

A

support forearm and put thumb on tendon and strike

80
Q

How do you test the triceps reflex?

A

arm goes dead and strike tendon above the elbow, should see extension

81
Q

What is the purpose of the Denver screening?

A

to check for fine motor

82
Q

How do you test the infants head control muscle tone?

A
  • pull up infant to sitting position
  • 4 months the head shouldn’t flop
83
Q

How do you test the rooting reflex?

A

brush cheek and head will turn with open mouth

84
Q

What is the palmar grasp?

A
  • when the baby grasps the finger and it’s strongest at 2 months
85
Q

What is the tonic neck reflex?

A
  • baby puts chin to the side
  • appears 2 to 3 months and disappears at 4 to 6 months
86
Q

What is the Moro reflex?

A
  • jarr the crib to see if the baby hugs the tree
87
Q

senile tremors

A

intention of hands, head, nodding, tongue protrusion

88
Q

tremors of parkinson?

A

rigidity, slowness

89
Q

What is the abbreviated neurologic check?

A
  1. level of consciousness
  2. motor function
  3. pupillary response
  4. vital signs

Physical Assessment (13 decks)

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