Neuro

Question 1

TRIAD of West syndrome

Answer 1

Infantile epileptic spasm
developmental regression
EEG = hypsarrhythmia

between 2-12mos

Question 2

Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy

Answer 2

Dravet syndrome

start: focal febrile status epilepticus or focal febrile seizures
later: manifests myoclonic and other seizure types

Question 3

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy

Answer 3

Ohtahara syndrome
manifests tonic seizures and usually caused by brain malformations or syntaxin binding protein 1 mutations

Question 4

triad of Lennox Gastaut

Answer 4

Developmental delay
Multiple seizure type: absence, myoclonic, astatic and tonic
EEG = 1-2Hz spike and slow waves, polyspike bursts in sleep and slow background in wakefulness

Question 5

medications acting on sodium channels are effective against

Answer 5

partial seizure

Question 6

medications acting on T-type calcium channels are effective against

Answer 6

Absence seizure

Question 7

In 1/3 of case, in patients developing febrile status epilepticus, what viral infection is MC assoc

Answer 7

HHV 6- HHV 7

Question 8

TRIAD imaging findings in TB meningitis

Answer 8

Hydrocephalus
Basal Enhancements
Infarcts

Question 9

CSF return to bloodstream within vacuoes in the process of

Answer 9

Pinocytosis

Question 10

absolute C/I to LP

Answer 10

signs of inc ICP
local infection ate the desired puncture site
radiologic signs of obstructive hydrocephalus, cerebral
herniation and the presence of an intracranial mass lesion or midline shift

Question 11

Relative C/I to LP

Answer 11

Signs of shock, sepsis or hypotension
Coagulation defect - DIC, platelet count <50,000/mm3, and warfarin use
Focal neurological deficit
GCS < 8
Epileptic seizures

Question 12

test that differentiate viral and bacterial meningitis

Answer 12

Procalcitonin

Question 13

DOC for Meningococcemia

Answer 13

Penicillin G 250,000-300,000 U/kg/day IV for 5-7 days
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime

Question 14

Pen G allergy of Meningococcemia

Answer 14

Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Meropenem

Question 15

treatment for Status migrainosus (persistent HA lasting >3days)

Answer 15

Prochlorperazine IV 0.15mg/kg, max 10mg

Question 16

Mutations in tuberous sclerosis

Answer 16

TSC1 encodes –> protein hamartin and TSC2 encodes –> protein tuberin.

Question 17

Diagnostic tests for GBS

Answer 17

CSF analysis: increased protein, normal glucose, no pleocytosis
Dissociation between high CSF protein and a lack of cellular response is diagnostic (albuminocytologic dissociation)

Question 18

Associated conditions with GBS

Answer 18

Cranial nerve deficits
Miller-Fisher syndrome: acute ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, areflexia

Question 19

MC malignant brain tumor in children

Answer 19

Medulloblastoma

at cerebellum
Homer wright rosette
4-8 y/o, M>F

Question 20

MCC of arterial ischemic stroke in pedia

Answer 20

Arteriopathy

Question 21

only drug may be used for benign infantile seizure

Answer 21

phenobarbital