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Pedia > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Steps in EINC

A

immediate drying
uninterrupted skin to skin contact
delayed cord clamping –> 1 to 3 mins
non-separation of mother and baby

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2
Q

Most importance component of APGAR

A

Respiration

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3
Q

Ventilation corrective steps in Newborn resuscitation

A

MR. SOPA
mask adjustment
reposition airway
suction mouth and nose
Open mouth
Pressure increase
Airway alternative

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4
Q

6 NBS

A

Congenital Hypothyroidism
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia
Galactosemia
MSUD
PKU
G6PD

done: 24-48 hrs
RA 9288

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5
Q

MCC of Congenital Hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid Dysgenesis
dx: thyroid utz

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6
Q

Lab findings in CAH

A

Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypoglycemia
AR, deficiency in 21-hydroxylase enzyme

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7
Q

MC deficiency in CAH

A

21-hydroxylase enzyme 90%

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8
Q

Classic form of Galactosemia

A

Galactosemia 1 phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency

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9
Q

MCC of anemia in child

A

G6PD deficiency
impt in HMP shunt (reduces NADP – NADPH –> reduced gluta —- counteract oxidative stress)

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10
Q

developmental delay, unpleasant MUSTY ODOR
Infant: severe vomiting, hypertonic DTR seizure
Older: Hyperactive with purposeless movement, rhythmic rocking and athetosis

A

PKU
deficiency: Phenyalaline hydroxylase

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11
Q

purplish reticulated pattern on the skin of a neonate when exposed to COLD
Cobblestone, lacy appearance

A

Cutis marmorata

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12
Q

patient with Galactosemia is increased risk for

A

E. coli neonatal sepsis
Tx: Lactose free milk

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13
Q

Slate blue, well demarcated areas of
pigmentation over the buttocks and back

A

Mongolian spots

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14
Q

Small, white occasionally vesiculopustular papules on an erythematous base develop after 1-3 days
Eosinophils.

A

Erythema toxicum

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15
Q

Vesiculopustular eruption over a dark macular base around the chin, neck,
back, and soles
Neutrophils

A

Pustular melanosis

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16
Q

CYST appearing on the HARD PALATE which is composed of accumulations of
epithelial cells

A

Epstein pearl

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17
Q

Pearly WHITE PAPULES seen mostly on the CHIN and around the cheeks

A

Mila

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18
Q

Open and closed COMEDONES or inflammatory pustules and papules on the CHEEKS of the baby usually after a week from delivery

A

Neonatal ance

19
Q

PINK MACULAR lesions on the nape, glabella, upper eyelids, or nasolabial region

A

Nevus simplex

20
Q

HAIR that covers the skin of preterm infants.
Seen on term infants around the shoulders.

A

Lanugo

21
Q

Thick, white creamy material usually absent in post term infants

A

Vernix caseosa
for thermoregulation

22
Q

imbalance of cutaneous blood vessel tone due to immature hypothalamus
transient HALF of the body is reddish

A

Harley Quinn Change

23
Q

Chorioretinitis + Periventricular calcification

A

CMV

24
Q

Chorioretinitis
Microcephaly
Hepatosplenomegaly
INTRACEREBRAL CLACIFICATION

A

Toxoplasmosis

25
Q

TRIAD of NEC

A

intestinal ischemia
Enteral nutrition
Pathologic organism (E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas)

26
Q

preterm, toxic
abd distention with abdominal erythema
cries when touched
+ pneumatosis intestinalis

A

NEC
histo: Coagulation necrosis

27
Q

accumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele
majority are non communicating
resolve by 1 y/o

28
Q

MCC of Apnea

A

Idiopathic apnea of prematurity
apnea - cessation of breathing longer than 20 sec,
accompanied with cyanosis and bradycardia

29
Q

test used to detect antibodies that are bound tp the surface of the RBc

A

Direct Coombs Test

Indirect Coombs test - detects antibodies against RBCs that are
present unbound to the patient’s serum

30
Q

MCC of hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

ABO incompatibility
20-25% in pregnancy, 10% develops in the offspring
mild, jaundice, mild hepatosplenomegaly

31
Q

+ direct coombs
spherocytes
hemoglobin is usually normal, but may be low as 10-12g/dl
inc reticulocyte
increase B1

A

ABO incompatibility

32
Q

Direct Coombs test is +
Anemia
Increased reticulocyte count
B1 rises rapidly in the 1st 6 hours of life
B2 may also be elevated

A

RH Incompatibility
Injection of anti-D gamma globulin (RhoGAM) into the mother immediately after the delivery of each Rh+ infant reduces Rh hemolytic disease

33
Q

breast milk storage duration when put in Refrigerator 4 degree

A

8 days

freezer 1 door - 2 weeks
freezer 2 door - 3 months
deep freezer (-20) - 6 months

34
Q

breast milk storage duration when put in room temp < 25 degree

A

4 hours

RT >25 degree - 1hr

35
Q

general softening of the bones
Craniotabes or softening of the cranial bones
Rachitic rosary, PIgeon chest
Harrison groove
bowlegs or knock knees

A

Rickets - def in Vit D
tx: Stoss therapy –> vitamin D 300,000-600,000 IU or IM as 2-4 doses over 1 days

36
Q

Scorbutic rosary at the costochondral junction & depression of the sternum
Bluish, purple spongy swellings of the mucous membranes
corkscrew hair”
poor wound & fracture healing
white line on the end of shafts

A

Scurvy - Vit C deficiency
tx: Daily intake of 3-4 oz of orange or tomato juice or Vitamin C supplements of 100-200 mg orally

37
Q

which among the micronutrients are affected by maternal sattus

A

Vitamin D and Iodine

38
Q

infants born full term, have sufficient stores of these nutrients that are ENOUGH for 6 mos of life

A

Iron and ZInc

39
Q

pellagra
Casal necklase
pellagarous glove and boots

A

Niacin - Vit B3 deficiency

40
Q

irritability, pruritus, painful extremities
brawny swelling, coarse hair, dry skin, seborrhea
increased ICP

A

Hypervitaminosis A

41
Q

Malnourished child when fed with excessive carbohydrates will cause

A

Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypophosphatemia
refeeding syndrome
HM: severe hypophosphatemia

42
Q

goal of the management of obesity

A

weight maintenance

43
Q

neonate with prolonged jaundice >14days, suspect

A

Congenital Hypothyroidism

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