Neuro 1 LURN: Neural A&P and System Review Flashcards
What are the key functions of nervous system?
Controls mobility, sensation, cognition, and many involuntary processes
What are the 2 components to the nervous system?
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What makes up the CNS?
- Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem)
- Spinal cord
What makes up the PNS?
- 12 cranial nerves
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the ANS?
Part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes
What is the purpose of the ANS?
To maintain homeostasis through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
What are the two sub-systems of the ANS?
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
When triggered, what is the sympathetic system response?
- Stimulates
- “fight or flight” response
- Bronchodilation
- Pupil dilation
- Vasoconstriction
- Increases:
- Cardiac OP
- BP (vasoconstriction)
- Reduces:
- Secretions/peristalsis
Where does the sympathetic nervous system originate?
T1-L2 in the spinal cord
When triggered, what is the parasympathetic system response?
- Stimulates
- “rest and digest” response
- Bronchoconstriction
- Pupil constriction
- Vasodilation
- Secretions/peristalsis
- Reduces:
- Cardiac OP
- BP (vasodilation)
What are neurons?
Basic cell units of the nervous system that transmit impulses or “messages”
What are the two types of neurons?
- Sensory (afferent)
- Motor (efferent)
What are sensory neurons responsible for?
control sensation and send messages from the PNS to the CNS
What are motor neurons responsible for?
Control mobility and send messages from the CNS to the PNS
Each neuron produces a neurotransmitter (chemical) that _____ /_____ the impulse.
- Enhances
- Inhibits
What are the key functions of the cerebrum?
Controls motor, cognitive, sensory function
What are the components of the cerebrum?
- Left and right hemispheres
- 4 lobes
- Cerebral cortex
- Subcortical structures
What are the 4 lobes of the brain and describe each.
- Frontal
- Contains the motor cortex and Broca’s area (expressive speech function)
- Parietal
- Contains the sensory cortex
- Occipital
- Contains the visual cortex
- Temporal
- Contains the auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (comprehension of verbal/written language)
The cerebral cortex is the gray matter of the brain. What is contained within the subcortical structures (white matter) of the brain?
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
- Pineal gland
- Thalamus
- Basal ganglia
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
- Coordinate muscle movements
- Maintains posture and balance
- (fine motor skills and coordinattion)
What are the functions of the brain stem?
- Regulates autonomic functions (breathing, HR, digestion, swallowing)
- Facilitates communication between the cerebrum/cerebellum and spinal cord
What are the components of the brain stem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
What are the meninges and what is it composed of?
- Membrane that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord.
- Three layers: dura mater, arachnoid, pia matter
Where is the subarachnoid space and what is its general function?
- Space between the arachnoid layer and pia mater
- It is the space w/in which CSF flows
What is the purpose of CSF?
- Surrounds and cushions the CNS
- Provides nutrients and eliminates waste products
