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MSK test 2 > neuro 1 > Flashcards

neuro 1 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

cns vs pns component

A

Brian, spinal cord

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, sensory receptors in skin, enteric plexuses in small intestine

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2
Q

parts of motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) divisions of PNS

A

sensory: somatic sensory (general), special sensory, visceral sensory

motor: somatic nervous system (skeletal muscles), autonomic nervous system (cardiac and smooth muscle and glands)
-ANS into parasympathetic and sympathetic and enteric nervous system (GI)

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3
Q

somatic sensory (general), special sensory, visceral sensory

A

somatic; general; touch, temp, tickle, pressure, pain, propriocept, vibration

special; (in the face); sight, smell, taste, hear, balance

visceral; pain, organ wall stretch, pressure, ph, osmolarity

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4
Q

somatic motor and autonomic motor

A

somatic- voluntary control of skeletal muscles

autonomic- involuntary control of smooth and cardiac muscle (no on or off its either in sympathetic or parasympatehic)

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5
Q

4 parts of brain and subparts

A

cerebrum
-frontal
-partietal
-occipital
-temporal
-insula

diencephalon
-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-epithalamus

cerebellum

brainstem
-medulla
-pons
-midbrain

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6
Q

gray matter and white matter of CNS

A

gray; nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated nerve fibres, glial cells (neuroglia)

white matter; myelinated tracts or fasciculi

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7
Q

cluster of nerve cell obese in pns vs cns

A

cns= nucleus
pns= ganglion

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8
Q

embroyogy

A

PTD
prosencephalon (forebrain) –> telechepahlon and diencephalon

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

RMM
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) –> metencephalon and myelencepahlon

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9
Q

prosencephalon (forebrain) –> telechepahlon and diencephalon

what are the parts of tele and die

A

tele: cerebrum
die: hypo, epi, thalamus

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10
Q

rhombencephalon (hindbrain) –> metencephalon and myelencepahlon

what are the parts of met and mye

A

met- pons, cerebellum

mye- medulla

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11
Q

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

what are the of mes

A

midbrain

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12
Q

neurons and neuroglia

A

neurons: functional unit, singlas travel

neuroglia: support, nourish, clean

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13
Q

grey matter vs white matter

A

grey: cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals
- @ synapses
-cerebreal cortex, cortical nuclei/diencephalon
-grey horns of spinal cord

white: axons bundles
-signals travel
-cerebral tracts
-white columns of spinal cord
-peripheral nerves
-spinal pathways

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14
Q

nucleus vs ganglion

tracts/ fasiculi vs nerve

A

nucleus= gray matter in CNS
ganglion= Gray matter in PNS

tracts/fasiculi= white matter in CNS
nerve= white matter in PNS

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15
Q

cerebrum

lobes and function
what separate the hemispheres
sulci- what are the 3?
gyri
fissure

A

left and right hemisphere via longitudinal fissure

frontal- motor
parietal- sensory
temporal-auditory
occipital- visual
insula- taste

gyri= folds
sulci= furrows
fissure= deep sulcus

  1. central sulcus
  2. lateral suclus
  3. parieto-occiptal sulcus
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16
Q
  1. central sulcus
  2. lateral suclus
  3. parieto-occiptal sulcus

what do they seperate

A
  1. frontal from parietal
  2. superior temporal from frontal and parietal
  3. parietal from occipital
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17
Q

lobes functions

motor and special sensation

A

frontal- motor, cognition
ss: smell

parietal- sensory (general- pain, pressure, touch, tickle, vibration)
ss: taste

temporal-memories
ss: auditory

occipital- process visuals
ss: visual

insula- taste

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18
Q

what is insula deep to

A

frontal and temporal lobes

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19
Q

what makes the white matter of the cerebrum and what are they made of and function

A

cluster of nuclei in the white matter= basal ganglia

basal ganglia: caudate, lenticular (putamen and globus pallidus) –> motor function coordination

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20
Q

3 types of fibre connecting white matter (basal ganglia) in the cerebrum

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A
  1. association fibres; within hemisphere
  2. commissural fibres; between hemispheres
    -corpus collasum
  3. projectional fibres; cerebral cortex to or from lower areas
    -internal capsule
21
Q

three major areas of each cerebral hemispoher

Study These Flashcards
A

primary sensory areas

primary motor areas

association areas (sensory and motor)

PNS tract–> thalamus as relay then go to appropriate cortical area

22
Q

primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex… pre or post central gyrus

Study These Flashcards
A

motor: precentral gyrus

sensory: postcentral gyrus

23
Q

brocas vs wernickes

Study These Flashcards
A

brocas for motor speech

wernickes to interpret and understand language

24
Q

primary somatosensory area

primary visual area

primary auditory area

primary gustatory area

primary olfactory area

Study These Flashcards
A

somatosensory; postcentral gyrus
–> cortical mapping homunculus

visual; occipital lobe

auditory; temporal lobe

gustatory; insula

olfactory; temporal

25
primary motor area
-corticobulbar tract -corticospinal tract start from pyramidal cells in pre central gyrus of frontal lobe (pyramidal tract) -also a homunculus (hand and face most) voluntary movements get input from premotor area, sensory cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum
26
premotor area
in front of primary motor area its where the movements are learned and preformed several times; stored as an algorithm
27
Frontal eye field
pre motor area -voluntary, synchronized mvoemtn of eyeballs left centre makes both eyes go right right centre makes both eyes go left
28
brocas area
pre central gyrus, left side of brain motor signals for voice -speak word -broaca aphasia; can understand speech, but cant speak
29
wernickes area
left tempororparietal junction for understanding language wernickes aphasia; empty, fluent speech, cant comprehend
30
where do wernickes and brocas connect
arcuate fascicules - white matter tract if damage tract= conduction aphasia -cant comprehend and articulate -cant repeat heard speech
31
association area
adjacent to primary areas; create comprehensive perception -integrate and interpret signals -store in long term memory -somatosensory association cortex -visual association area -audtiory association area -astereognosis- cant recognize an object placed in hand
32
common integrative area
integrate signals from primary areas
33
left vs right hemisphere function
left: receive somatic sensory signals from and controls muscles on right side of body -spoken and written language right: receives somatic sensory signals and controls muscles on left side of body
34
diencephalon
thalamus; mostly sensory nuclei, processing and distrubtuioon centre, relay info -conscounsess, sleep, attention, memroy -relay all senses but smell hypothalamus; autonomic nervous system -emotion, temp, eat, drink, endocrine (pituaity gland) epithalamus; pineal gland, circadian rhythm and distribute pigment melanin in skin
35
which one sense does thalamus not relay
smell
36
cerebellum what are the 3 bilaterally paired major fibre tracts, cerebellar penduncles what are the nuclei found here
two cerebellar hemispheres connected by vermis -coordinate voluntary movement, maintain posture and balance 1. superior cerebellar peduncle; connect cerebellum to red nucleus of midbrain and thalamus 2. middle cerebellar peduncles; connect pontine nuclei of pons and cerebellum 3. inferior cerebellar peducnels; carry axons between medulla and cerebellum ie.e spinocerebellar tracts deep cerebellar nuclei: fastigial, globose, emboli form, dentate globose + emboliform= interposed nucleus folds= folia
37
what are the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei
deep cerebellar nuclei: fastigial, globose, emboli form, dentate globose + emboliform= interposed nucleus
38
brainstem components functions
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain 1. passageway for ascend and descent tracts between cerebrum and spinal cord 2. nuclei for CN III to XII 3. regulate automatic behaviour for survival, like breathing
39
midbrain
top of brainstem cerebral peduncles; descending tracts (crus cerebri) 4 elevations; superior and inferior colliculi; relay center for visual and auditory red nucleus- rubrospinal tract substantia nigra- link to basal ganglia, voluntary movements tectum (roof), tegmentum periadquductal gray matter- natural painkillers (endorphins and enkephalins)
40
nuclei in the midbrain
red nucleus and substantial nigra
41
substantia nighra for what
in midbrain, linked to basal ganglia for voluntary mvoemtn
42
periaqueductal gray matter;
natural painkillers in brain
43
pons
part of brainstem -motor control to respiration- pneumotaxic and bpneustic area basilar sulcus cranial nerves VI VII VIII emerge pontine nuclei; relay center for motor pathway for voluntary
44
what nuclei in pons
pontine nuclei
45
medulla oblognata
part of brainstem -cardiovascular center, respiratoryu, vomit, cough, sneeze pontomedulalry sulcus pyramid olive has olivary nucleus CN IX X XI XII emerge decussation (cross over) of corticospinal tracts inferior olivary nucleus-relay center for proprioceptive info nucleus gracilis and nucleis cuneatus- posterior column medial lemniscus
46
nuclei in medulla oblongata
olivary nucleus inferior olivary nucleus-relay center for proprioceptive info nucleus gracilis and nucleis cuneatus- posterior column medial lemniscus
47
where do corticospinal tracts decussate. cross over
medulla @ pyramids
48
reticular formation
part of brainstem collection of nuclei control skeletal mucscle, pain modular, control autonomic and endocrine system, circadian rhythm, consciousness -prevent sensory overload
49
RAS ascending reticular activating system
filter sensory signals -disrupt flow of some stimuli constant humming sound is eliminated i.e -circaidan, sleep wake, muscle tone

MSK test 2 (6 decks)

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