neural stem cells & adult neurogenesis

Question 1

where does neurogenesis happen in adult brain

Answer 1

sub granular zone of dentate gyrus

sub ventricular zone - progenitors migrate along rostral migratory stream to give rise to neurons which reside in the olfactory bulb

Question 2

adult neurogenesis - cell types

Answer 2

SGZ -
Type 1: radial processes, slowly proliferative, same markers as embryonic radial glial cells
Type 2: no/very short processes, highly proliferative, express a marker of proliferating neuronal progenotirs

SVZ -
Type B: radial processes, slowly proliferative, akin T1 cells
Type C: highly proliferative, akin to T2 cells

Question 3

migration & integration of new cells

Answer 3

SGZ: cells migrate short distance from SGZ, just a few cell layers. then need to differentiate

SVZ: move in chains assoc with astrocytes along RMS. When reach olfactory bulb they detach from the chain and move to position in granule cell layer. Flow of CSF helps guide movement

Question 4

extrinsic factors controlled NSCs

Answer 4

vascular niche - VEGF, PEDF, astrocytes

neurotransmitter regulation: glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin

sonic hedgehog
transcription factors: Sox2, Pax6
non-coding RNA: miR-124