Neural Signaling and Transmission

Question 1

What are the three types of neuroglia (glial cells)?

Answer 1

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglial cells

Question 2

What do neuroglia cells do?

Answer 2

support the electrical and chemical functions of neurons

Question 3

What does the vascular endothelium do?

Answer 3

provides blood supply to brain tissue

Question 4

What is a neuron’s job?

Answer 4

primary processor of neural signals

Question 5

Dendrites transport signals __________ the cell body.

Answer 5

toward

Question 6

Axons transport signals ___________ the cell body.

Answer 6

away from

Question 7

What is axon length?

Answer 7

varies from 1mm to 1 meter

Question 8

What is the purpose of myelin?

Answer 8

insulates the axon to promote propagation of the signal

Question 9

______________ form in the myelin sheath to facilitate communication.

Answer 9

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 10

What is a synapse?

Answer 10

Place where neuron and post synaptic cell communicate

Question 11

Axons end in _______________.

Answer 11

pre synaptic terminals

Question 12

What happens at a chemical synapse?

Answer 12

presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

neurotransmitter diffuses from one side to other

binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

Question 13

What is an action potential?

Answer 13

transient voltage change that propagates along an axon and travels from presynaptic to post synaptic membranes

Question 14

How fast can action potentials propagate?

Answer 14

60 m/s

Question 15

What happens once an action potential reaches a dentrite?

Answer 15

neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic vesicles into space between axon and dendrites of next cell

Question 16

_____________ make propagation of action potential much faster.

Answer 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 17

What are the ONLY two jobs of the synapse?

Answer 17

excite
inhibit

Question 18

____________ is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the the CNS.

Answer 18

Acetylcholine

Question 19

______________ is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

______________ is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

Answer 20

GABA

Question 21

______________ is the main transmitter at the neuromuscular junction (PNS).

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

What neurotransmitters are important for ANS function (PNS)?

Answer 22

acetylcholine
norepinephrine