GI Medications Flashcards
What are two pathologies caused by the acidity of the gastric juices?
peptic ulcer
gastroesophageal reflux
What are common symptoms of peptic ulcers?
upper abdominal pain
heartburn
vomiting
What are symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux?
indigestion
epigastric pain
heartburn
What are antacids?
used to chemically neutralize stomach acids
__________ is used primarily to treat minor and transient epigastric pain.
antacids
What is a byproduct of some antacids?
CO2
What are adverse effects of antacids?
constipation
diarrhea
acid-rebound effect
electrolyte abnormalities
Which antacids are contraindicated with HTN and CHF?
Na containing
Which antacids are contraindicated with renal calculi and hypercalcemia?
Ca containing
Which antacids are a precaution with gastric outlet syndrome?
Al containing
Which antacids are a precaution with decreased kidney function?
Mg containing
What are the mechanisms of regulation of gastric secretion?
histamine antagonists (H2 blockers)
proton pump inhibitors
How do H2 blockers work?
bind with histamine receptors in the stomach without activating the receptor
this prevents histamine activated release of gastric acid
True or False: H2 blockers are available OTC
True
What are specific H2 blockers?
-tidine
tagamet
pepcid
axid
zantac
What are adverse effects of H2 blockers?
gerenally rare
headache
dizziness
mild transient GI symptoms
acid rebound
What are proton pump inhibitors?
virtually eliminate gastric secretions
___________ is more effective than H2 blockers
Proton pump inhibitors
What is the drug of choice for long term use of regulation of gastric secretion?
Proton pump inhibitors
What is the original PPI?
prilosec (omeprazole)
What are adverse effects of PPIs?
generally well tolerated
acid rebound
What is H. pylori infection?
gram negative bacterium often present in pts with gastric ulcer disease
___________ may contribute to the formation of peptic ulcers.
H. pylori infection
What are drugs used to treat gastric ulcers?
anticholinergics
metoclopramide (reglan)
What are potential side effects of anticholinergics?
dry mouth
constipation
urinary retention
confusion
What does metoclopramide do?
stimulates gastric motility
What are side effects of metoclopramide?
restlessness
drowsiness
fatigue
some extrapyramidal symptoms
What are opioid derivatives used to treat?
diarrhea
by decreasing GI motility
Specific opioid derivatives
laudanum
paregoric
lomotil
imodium
What are adverse effects of opioid derivatives?
nausea
abdominal discomfort
constipation
drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness
small risk of addiction with short term use
What are the possible MOA of bismuth salicylate?
stimulate water and electrolyte absorption in LGI
may have antibacterial effects
may inhibit prostaglandins
_______________ is the active ingredient in pepto-bismol.
bismuth salicylate
What are adverse effects of bismuth salicylate?
possible toxicity in pts who are aspirin or salicylate sensitivity
What do digestants do?
aid in general digestion
contain enzymes
What are emetics?
used to induce vomiting
What are antiemetics?
used to decrease vomiting
sooth gastric mucosa
