GI Medications

Question 1

What are two pathologies caused by the acidity of the gastric juices?

Answer 1

peptic ulcer
gastroesophageal reflux

Question 2

What are common symptoms of peptic ulcers?

Answer 2

upper abdominal pain
heartburn
vomiting

Question 3

What are symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux?

Answer 3

indigestion
epigastric pain
heartburn

Question 4

What are antacids?

Answer 4

used to chemically neutralize stomach acids

Question 5

__________ is used primarily to treat minor and transient epigastric pain.

Answer 5

antacids

Question 6

What is a byproduct of some antacids?

Answer 6

CO2

Question 7

What are adverse effects of antacids?

Answer 7

constipation
diarrhea
acid-rebound effect
electrolyte abnormalities

Question 8

Which antacids are contraindicated with HTN and CHF?

Answer 8

Na containing

Question 9

Which antacids are contraindicated with renal calculi and hypercalcemia?

Answer 9

Ca containing

Question 10

Which antacids are a precaution with gastric outlet syndrome?

Answer 10

Al containing

Question 11

Which antacids are a precaution with decreased kidney function?

Answer 11

Mg containing

Question 12

What are the mechanisms of regulation of gastric secretion?

Answer 12

histamine antagonists (H2 blockers)
proton pump inhibitors

Question 13

How do H2 blockers work?

Answer 13

bind with histamine receptors in the stomach without activating the receptor

this prevents histamine activated release of gastric acid

Question 14

True or False: H2 blockers are available OTC

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are specific H2 blockers?

Answer 15

-tidine

tagamet
pepcid
axid
zantac

Question 16

What are adverse effects of H2 blockers?

Answer 16

gerenally rare

headache
dizziness
mild transient GI symptoms
acid rebound

Question 17

What are proton pump inhibitors?

Answer 17

virtually eliminate gastric secretions

Question 18

___________ is more effective than H2 blockers

Answer 18

Proton pump inhibitors

Question 19

What is the drug of choice for long term use of regulation of gastric secretion?

Answer 19

Proton pump inhibitors

Question 20

What is the original PPI?

Answer 20

prilosec (omeprazole)

Question 21

What are adverse effects of PPIs?

Answer 21

generally well tolerated
acid rebound

Question 22

What is H. pylori infection?

Answer 22

gram negative bacterium often present in pts with gastric ulcer disease

Question 23

___________ may contribute to the formation of peptic ulcers.

Answer 23

H. pylori infection

Question 24

What are drugs used to treat gastric ulcers?

Answer 24

anticholinergics
metoclopramide (reglan)

Question 25

What are potential side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 25

dry mouth constipation urinary retention confusion

Question 26

What does metoclopramide do?

Answer 26

stimulates gastric motility

Question 27

What are side effects of metoclopramide?

Answer 27

restlessness drowsiness fatigue some extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 28

What are opioid derivatives used to treat?

Answer 28

diarrhea by decreasing GI motility

Question 29

Specific opioid derivatives

Answer 29

laudanum paregoric lomotil imodium

Question 30

What are adverse effects of opioid derivatives?

Answer 30

nausea abdominal discomfort constipation drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness small risk of addiction with short term use

Question 31

What are the possible MOA of bismuth salicylate?

Answer 31

stimulate water and electrolyte absorption in LGI may have antibacterial effects may inhibit prostaglandins

Question 32

_______________ is the active ingredient in pepto-bismol.

Answer 32

bismuth salicylate

Question 33

What are adverse effects of bismuth salicylate?

Answer 33

possible toxicity in pts who are aspirin or salicylate sensitivity

Question 34

What do digestants do?

Answer 34

aid in general digestion contain enzymes

Question 35

What are emetics?

Answer 35

used to induce vomiting

Question 36

What are antiemetics?

Answer 36

used to decrease vomiting sooth gastric mucosa