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Pharmacology > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What does insulin do?

A

lower blood glucose level by facilitating entry of glucose into peripheral tissues

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2
Q

What does insulin affect the metabolism of?

A

carbohydrates
protein
lipids

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3
Q

What does insulin do in muscle cells?

A

encourages protein synthesis

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4
Q

What does insulin do in adipose cells?

A

stimulates the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides

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5
Q

____________ is the hormonal antagonist of insulin.

A

glucagon

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6
Q

What is the primary effect of glucagon?

A

increase BGL to maintain normal glucose levels–prevent hypoglycemia

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7
Q

What are the two possible causes of insulin related disease?

A

insufficient insulin secretion
decrease of the peripheral effects of insulin

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8
Q

What is Type I diabetes?

A

unable to synthesize insulin results in total destruction of pancreatic beta cells

5-10% of diabetes

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9
Q

What is type II diabetes?

A

combination of pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues to circulating insulin

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10
Q

What are complications of diabetes?

A

hyperglycemia
glycosuria
ketoacidosis
microangiopathy
macroangiopathy
peripheral neuropathies

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11
Q

_____________ is used in all people with type I and some people with type II.

A

exogenous insulin

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12
Q

How is biosynthetic human insulin administered?

A

injection
pumps–more convenient and precise

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13
Q

What are adverse effects of insulin?

A

hypoglycemia
headache
fatigue
hunger
tachycardia
sweating
anxiety
confusion

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14
Q

What is the purpose of antidiabetic drugs?

A

prevent hyperglycemia designed to be used if endogenous insulin is present

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15
Q

What are drugs that stimulate insulin secretion?

A

sulfonylureas
meglitinides

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16
Q

What are adverse effects of drugs that stimulate insulin secretion

A

hypoglycemia
heartburn
GI distress
headache
dizziness

17
Q

What is a drug that sensitizes the system to insulin?

A

metformin

18
Q

What is the (rare) side effect of metformin?

A

GI problems

19
Q

What are the most effective factors in managing DM? (lifestyle)

A

dietary management
exercise
maintaining healthy body weight

20
Q

What are PT implications of DM?

A

peripheral neuropathies
tissue ischemia
open wounds
amputations
organ failure

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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