Antimicrobials

Question 1

What is the common goal of drugs used to treat infections?

Answer 1

selective toxicity

Question 2

What is broad spectrum treatment?

Answer 2

drugs effective against a variety of bacteria

Question 3

What is narrow spectrum treatment?

Answer 3

drugs that are specific to drugs that are specific to one type of bacteria

Question 4

What are mechanisms of action of antibacterial drugs?

Answer 4

inhibition of cell wall synthesis and function
inhibition of bacteria protein synthesis
inhibition of RNA/DNA function

Question 5

What are adverse effects of antibacterial drugs?

Answer 5

hypersensitivity reactions- skin rashes, itching, respiratory distress

GI problems- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

increased skin sensitivity to UV light

Question 6

What are drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 6

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems

Question 7

How does penicillin work?

Answer 7

bind with specific enzymatic proteins within the bacteria cell wall

the cell wall becomes impaired and then dies

Question 8

What is cephalosporin?

Answer 8

alternative to penicillin

drug of choice for certain UTIs

Question 9

What are carbapenems?

Answer 9

similar to penicillin and cephalosporins but tend to have broader spectrum

Question 10

What are drugs that inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 10

aminoglycosides
erythromycin
tetracyclines

Question 11

What is the MOA of drugs that prohibit protein synthesis?

Answer 11

bacterial cell membrane transport and metabolic function is impaired which leads to decreased bacterial growth and/or death

Question 12

How do aminoglycosides work?

Answer 12

bind to bacterial ribosomes and cause changes in protein synthesis

causes death of target bacteria

Question 13

What are adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 13

toxicity
kidney failure

Question 14

____________ are part of a group of agents known as macrolide antibiotics.

Answer 14

Erythromycin

Question 15

How does erythromycen work?

Answer 15

binds to ribosome

very broad spectrum

Question 16

What are the adverse effects of erythromycin?

Answer 16

GI distress
liver toxicity

Question 17

How does tetracycline work?

Answer 17

binds to ribosome
broad spectrum

Question 18

What are adverse effects of tetracycline?

Answer 18

GI distress and hypersensitivity
may effect bone growth

Question 19

What are drugs that inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis?

Answer 19

fluoroquinolones
rifamycins
sulfonamides

Question 20

Side effects of drugs that inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis are similar to ______________.

Answer 20

drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

Question 21

What are the two basic categories of viruses?

Answer 21

DNA
RNA

Question 22

____________ are instrumental in controlling many viral infections.

Answer 22

Vaccines

Question 23

What are acyclovir and valacyclovir?

Answer 23

effective against herpes, varicells, epstein-barr

topical and systemic uses

Question 24

What are the adverse effects of acyclovir and valacyclovir?

Answer 24

local irritation from topical

prolonged use could cause:
headaches
dizziness
GI problems

Question 25

What are amantadine and rimantadine?

Answer 25

treatment and prevention of influenza A

Question 26

What are adverse effects of amantadine and rimantadine?

Answer 26

CNS symptoms:
confusion
mood changes
nervousness
dizziness
light-headedness

Question 27

What are interferons?

Answer 27

group of proteins
immune response-enable healthy cells to resist infection

is not interchangeable with antivirals

Question 28

What are Type I Alpha Interferons used for?

Answer 28

Hepatitis C

Question 29

What are Type I Beta Interferons used for?

Answer 29

MS