Neural Mechanisms

Question 1

Neural Mechanisms

Answer 1

1. neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory involve research with Aplysia/seaslug
2. simple large 20K neurons

Short-term memory: neurochemical changes at existing synapses.

Long-term memory: increase in the number of synapses and modifications of the structure of existing synapses.

Question 2

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 2

1. LTP: refers to the greater responsivity of a postsynaptic neuron to low-intensity stimulation by a presynaptic neuron for hours, days, or even weeks after the presynpatic neuron has been barraged by high-frequency stimulation.
2. LTP first found in the glutamate receptors in the hippocampus as well as the amygdala and cortex.

LTP mediates long-term memory by causing:

1. changes in the number and shape of the cell’s dendrites,
2. promoting the formation of new synaptic connections, and
3. increasing the number of glutamate receptors.

Question 3

Protein Synthesis

Answer 3

1. Long-Term memory also seems to depend on enhanced protein synthesis during the minutes or hours following learning or training.
2. research shows that training induces increased protein synthesis during the post training period and that protein inhibition (RNA) at time of training prevents formation of long-term memories.