neural control and coordination

Question 1

what is coordination

Answer 1

process in which two or more organs interact and complement the functions of one another

Question 2

which systems coordinate and integrate all activities of the organs

Answer 2

neural and endocrine

Question 3

describe neural system network

Answer 3

provides network is point to point connections for quick coordination

Question 4

describe function of endocrine system

Answer 4

provides chemical integration through hormones

Question 5

how is the neural system in animals

Answer 5

composed of highly specialised cells called neurons which detect receive transmit all types of stimuli

Question 6

neural organisation in lower invertebrates

Answer 6

hydra is composed of a network of neurons

Question 7

neural system in insects

Answer 7

a brain with number of ganglia and neural tissue is present

Question 8

the human neural system is divided into

Answer 8

CNS, PNS

Question 9

what does the cns include; function

Answer 9

brain and spinal cord; site of information processing and control

Question 10

what is pns composed of

Answer 10

all nerves associated with cns

Question 11

nerve fibres of pns are

Answer 11

afferent and efferent nerve fibres

Question 12

function of afferent nerve fibres

Answer 12

transmit impulses from tissue/organs to cns

Question 13

function of efferent nerve fibres

Answer 13

transmit regulatory impulses from cns to peripheral tissue/organs

Question 14

pns divided into

Answer 14

somatic neural system and autonomic neural system

Question 15

function of somatic nervous system

Answer 15

transmit impulses from cns to skeletal muscles

Question 16

function of autonomic neural system

Answer 16

transmit impulses from cns to smooth muscles and involuntary organs

Question 17

ans is divided into

Answer 17

sympathetic nervous system and parasympatheic nervous system

Question 18

what is visceral nervous system

Answer 18

it is a part of the peripheral nervous system that comprises of whole complex of nerves, fibres, ganglia and plexuses by which impulses travels to and from cns to viscera

Question 19

function of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

responsible for fight or flight of body
works under stressful conditions of body

Question 20

function of parasympatheic nervous system

Answer 20

responsible for a body at rest

Question 21

neuron is composed of

Answer 21

cell body,dendrite, axon

Question 22

what does cell body contain

Answer 22

cytoplasm, typical cell organelles and nissl’s granules

Question 23

what is nissl’s granules made up of

Answer 23

rrna, free ribosomes

Question 24

where are nissl’s granules present

Answer 24

cell body and dendrite

Question 25

what transmit impulses towards cell body

Answer 25

dendrite

Question 26

what is axon

Answer 26

a long fibre whose distal end is branched

Question 27

describe synaptic knob

Answer 27

bulb like structure containing chemical called neurotransmitter

Question 28

function of axon

Answer 28

transmits nerve impulses away from cell body to synapse/neuro-muscular junction

Question 29

multipolar neuron

Answer 29

one axon with multiple dendrites; cerebral cortex

Question 30

bipolar neuron

Answer 30

one axon and one dendrite; retina of eye

Question 31

unipolar neuron

Answer 31

one axon; embryonic stage

Question 32

pseudopolar neuron

Answer 32

dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord

Question 33

types of axons

Answer 33

myelinated, unmyelinated

Question 34

types of axons

Answer 34

myelinated, unmyelinated

Question 35

myelinated axons

Answer 35

myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with schwann cells which form myelin sheath

Question 36

space between two adjacent myelin sheath

Answer 36

nodes of ranvier

Question 37

myelinated nerve fibres are found in

Answer 37

spinal and cranial nerves

Question 38

unmyelinated nerve fibres are found in

Answer 38

autonomous and somatic neural systems

Question 39

which nerve condition is faster myelinated or unmyelinated

Answer 39

myelinated

Question 40

saltatory conduction

Answer 40

when impulse jumps from myelin sheath to another, skipping over node of ranvier

Question 41

what is the synapse composed of

Answer 41

pre synaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, post synaptic membrane

Question 42

what type of cells are neurons

Answer 42

excitable cells because their membranes are in polarised state

Question 43

where are the ion channels in the neuron p present

Answer 43

neural membrane

Question 44

nature of ion channels on neural membrane

Answer 44

selectively permeable to different ions

Question 45

when a neuron is at rest, axonal membrane is

Answer 45

comparatively more permeable to potassium ions and nearly impermeable to sodium ions and negatively charged proteins

Question 46

at rest the axoplasm contains

Answer 46

high concentration of potassium and negatively charged proteins inside and low concentration of sodium ions

Question 47

at rest fluid outside the axon contains

Answer 47

high concentration of sodium ions and l low concentration of potassium ions and negatively charged proteins

Question 48

what is the concentration gradient maintained by

Answer 48

sodium potassium pumps

Question 49

function of Na-K pump

Answer 49

transports 3 Na outside for 2K into the cell

Question 50

result of Na-K pump

Answer 50

axonal membrane gains negative charge inside and positive charge outside therefore it is polarised

Question 51

what resting potential

Answer 51

electrical potential difference across resting plasma membrane is called resting potential

Question 52

what resting potential

Answer 52

electrical potential difference across resting plasma membrane is called resting potential