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zoology > body fluids and circulation > Flashcards

body fluids and circulation Flashcards

1
Q

outer layer of blood vessels

A

tunica externa ; fibrous connective tissue and collagen fibres

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2
Q

middle layer of blood vessels

A

tunica media ; smooth muscles and elastic fibres

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3
Q

tunics interna/intima

A

lining of thin squamous epithelium,yellow elastin fibres

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4
Q

function lf arteries

A

distribute blood from heart to body

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5
Q

function of veins

A

carry blood from body into heart

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6
Q

where is tunics media thicker

A

arteries

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7
Q

where are walls of blood vessels thicker

A

arteries

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8
Q

do arteries have valves

A

no

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9
Q

why is the heart called myogenic

A

because activities of heart are regulated by specialised nodal tissue

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10
Q

function of medulla oblongata in nervous control of hert

A

can moderate cardiac unction through ANS ; sympathetic and parasympatheic nerves modify the rate of depolarization

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11
Q

function of sympathetic nerves in nervous control

A

nerve endings release noradrenaline which accelerates heart beat, strength of ventricular contraction, cardiac output

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12
Q

parasympatheic nerve function

A

erve endings release acetylcholine, decreases heart beat, speed of action potential conduction, cardiac output

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13
Q

how do adrenal medullary hormones increase cardiac output

A

by release of adrenaline and noradrenaline

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14
Q

what type of tissue is blood

A

specialized fluid connective tissue

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15
Q

how do sponges and coelentratstes circulate water

A

through body cavities

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16
Q

what does blood contain

A

plasma, fluid matrix, formed elements

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17
Q

describe plasma

A

straw Coloured, viscous fluid

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18
Q

composition of plasma

A

constitutes 55% of blood, 90-92% is water

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19
Q

percentage of proteins present in blood

A

6-8%

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20
Q

major proteins present in blood

A

fibrinogen, albumin, globulin

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21
Q

fibrinogen function

A

clotting factor

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22
Q

globulin

A

defence mechanisms of body

23
Q

albumin

A

osmotic balance

24
Q

plasma also contains

A

minerals like Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,HCO3-,Cl-, glucose, amino acids, lipids

25
Q

nature of minerals present in blood

A

always in transit

26
Q

in what form are coagulation factore present in blood

A

inactive form

27
Q

what is plasma without clotting factors called

A

serum

28
Q

formed elements of blood

A

erythrocyte’s,leucocytes,thrombocytes

29
Q

most abundant lf all cell in blood

A

RBCs

30
Q

how many RBCs are present in blood on avg

A

5 mil-5.5mil per mm³ of blood

31
Q

in most mammals rbcs are

A

biconcave in shape, devoid of nucleus

32
Q

oval shaped rbcs found in

A

camel and llama

33
Q

why do rbcs lack nucleus and other organelles

A

to accomodate more space for haemoglobin

34
Q

what enzyme does rbc contain

A

carbonic anhydrase

35
Q

red coloured iron containing protein rbcs

A

haemoglobin

36
Q

amt of haemoglobin per 100 ml of blood

A

12-16 gm

37
Q

life span lf rbcs

A

120 days

38
Q

graveyard of rbcs

A

spleen

39
Q

where is rbcs formed in adults

A

bone marrow

40
Q

formation of rbcs in embyo occurs in

A

yolk sac

41
Q

formation of rbcs is called

A

erythropoeisis

42
Q

formation lf blood is called

A

haemopoeisis

43
Q

leucocytes are also called

A

wbcs

44
Q

why are leucocytes colourless

A

they lack haemoglobin

45
Q

are wbcs nucleated

A

yes

46
Q

how many wbcs are found in blood

A

6000-8000 per mm³ of blood

47
Q

life span lf wbcs

A

short lived

48
Q

locomotion of wbcs

A

amoeboid

49
Q

movement of leucocytes through pores in capillary walls

A

diapedesis

50
Q

types of leucocytes

A

granulocytes, agranulocytes

51
Q

types of agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

52
Q

what percentage of lymphocytes are present in blood

A

20-25%

53
Q

second most numerous type of leucocytes

A

lymphocytes

54
Q

function lf lymphocytes

A

responsible for immune response of body

zoology (4 decks)

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