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ANA300 > NEURAL > Flashcards

NEURAL Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of the NS

A

sense
integrate
respond

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2
Q

2 types of peripheral nerves

A

cranial

spinal

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3
Q

what are ganglia

A

collections of neuronal cell bodies

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4
Q

sensory neurons

A

peripheral -> CNS

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5
Q

motor neurons

A

CNS -> peripheral effectors

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6
Q

T or F: motor neurons can be voluntary or involuntary

A

T; based on tissue they innervate

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7
Q

T or F: a neuron is only either sensory or motor; NEVER both

A

T

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8
Q

target of somatic NS

A

skeletal muscle

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9
Q

T or F: somatic NS can be subconscious

A

T; as long as its skeletal muscle, reflex are included

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10
Q

targets of visceral/autonomic NS

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

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11
Q

T or F: subdivisions of autonomic NS are functionally and anatomically distinct

A

T

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12
Q

2 divisions of autonomic NS

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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13
Q

what defines the arm of NS being used

A

target

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14
Q

2 means of communication by neurons

A

electrical, chemical

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15
Q

T or F: neuroglia participate directly in communication

A

F: only for structural support

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16
Q

how do microglia support neurons

A 
chemical support (metabolic exchange, maintain CSF)
immunological defense 
myelin sheath (insulation)
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17
Q

where do graded electrical signals occur in neurons

A

at dendrite

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18
Q

what does graded signal mean

A

proportional to strength of stimulus

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19
Q

T or F: dendrites are wide reaching

A

F; function locally

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20
Q

where does integration occur in nerve

A

axon (integration of signals)

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21
Q

where on neuron are AP generated

A

initial segment

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22
Q

how many axons per cell

A

1 (unidirectional flow)

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23
Q

end of neuron

A

synaptic terminal

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24
Q

what always has fixed amplitude T or F: neurons are polarized

A

T (input end, output end)

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25
what always has fixed amplitude
AP
26
what is special about initial segment
high concentration of voltage-gated Na channels
27
multipolar neurons
``` motor neurons (somatic and visceral) interneurons ```
28
structure of interneurons
multipolar
29
where is initial segment in multipolar neurons
beside cell body
30
bipolar neurons
special senses | retina, cochlea, vestibular apparatus
31
pseudo unipolar neurons
sensory neurons
32
where is cell body located for pseudo unipolar neurons
ganglion
33
where are dendrites for pseudunipolar neurons
periphery
34
where is initial segment in pseudounipolar neuron
beginning of axon (not adjacent to hanging cell body)
35
glia of CNS
astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia ependyma
36
glia of PNS
schwann cells | satellite cells
37
cell bodies: grey or white matter?
grey
38
composition of white matter
myelinated axons
39
intermediate filament in astrocytes
glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
40
what does GFAP detect
astrocytes in CNS
41
what kind of tumour could GFAP detect
fibrous astrocytomas (80% of adult brain tumours)
42
which glia acts like reticular fibres in CNS
astrocytes
43
which cell induces TJ in BBB
astrocytes
44
3 functions of astrocytes
foot processes -> BVs, nerves => tight junctions structural support chemical homeostasis ; buffer K
45
which glia forms myelin in CNS
oligodendrocytes
46
T or F: one o-cyte only contributes to 1 axon
F; can contribute to many
47
T or F: one CNS neuron can be myelinated by many o-cytes
T
48
function of o-cyte
increase rate of conduction
49
which glia are phagocytic cells of CNS
microglia
50
what lineage are microglia from
monocyte/macrophage
51
what activates microglia
infection, damage
52
where are ependymal cells
lining ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord)
53
classify epithelium of ependymal cells
ciliated cuboidal
54
role of cilia on ependymal cells
propels CSF
55
what structure secretes CSF
choroid plexus
56
what forms the blood-CSF barrier
ependymal cells that cover BV in choroid plexus
57
what junction in CSF-blood barrier
tight junctions between ependymal cells
58
T or F: CSF fills ventricles and space around CNS
T
59
2 compartments separated by BBB
blood and interstitial fluid
60
what fluid bathes parenchyma of brain
interstitial fluid
61
T or F: interstitial fluid and CSF are continous
true; across wall of ventricle; separated by ependymal cells
62
capillaries in choroid plexus
fenestrated
63
where are TJ: lining ventricle wall or in choroid plexus?
choroid plexus ependymal cells
64
function of satellite cells
electrically and chemically insulate neural cell body
65
sensory ganglion
dorsal root ganglion
66
composition of myelin in PNS
many concentric layers of schwann cell membrane
67
how many axons does schwann cell cover
SINGLE axon (if myelinated)
68
how many schwann cells per axon
multiple
69
in myelin, where is schwann cell nucleus
squeezed to periphery (think of skeletal fibres)
70
where are nodes of ranvier
BOTH CNS and PNS
71
when does schwann cell envelope many axons
when axon = "unmyelinated"
72
T or F: unmyelinated axons are associated with schwann cells
T; axon in superficial groove of schwan cells
73
T or F; unmyelinated axons still need multiple schwann cells
T
74
grey matter in brain
cortical | cerebral nuclei
75
where does synaptic transmission occur
grey matter
76
grey matter in spinal cord
central butterfly
77
white matter in brain
tracts, columns, pathways
78
pathways in white matter are usually ___
crossed (crosses midline)
79
T or F: tracts within white matter are functionally segregated
T; sensory vs motor
80
what is nissl substance
RER
81
what is neuropil
substance in neural tissue other than neuronal cell bodies (glia, axons, dendrites)
82
T or F: glia cell nuclei are in white matter
T
83
how does myelin sheath appear on slide
empty; lipid extracted during processing
84
type of neuron in sensory ganglia
pseudo unipolar; both somatic and visceral
85
type of neuron in autonomic ganglia
multipolar (motor)
86
T or F: sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia are anatomically separate
T
87
what type of neurons in dorsal root ganglion
sensory; so pseudo unipolar
88
what type of neuron has a large round cell body, central nucleus, prominent nucleolus
pseudo unipolar
89
type of neuron with irregular cell bodies, eccentric nuclei
multipolar
90
which neuron has more satellite cells: pseudo unipolar or motor
pseudo unipolar (motor/autonomic = few)
91
T or F: in PNS, no functional segregation
true; nerves (white matter of PNS = mixed sensory and motor)
92
what happens if cut off blood supply to nerves
parathesia
93
enclosed in endometrium
axon and its schwann cells
94
axon: basophilic or eosinophilic?
eosinophilic

ANA300 (9 decks)

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