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ANA300 > CONNECTIVE TISSUE > Flashcards

CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

Two general components of matrix

A

Protein fibres, ground substance

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2
Q

T or F: connective tissue is very cellular

A

False; epithelia is very cellular

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3
Q

Ct cells produce

A

matrix : protein fibres, ground substance

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4
Q

characteristics of ___ determine properties of CT

A

matrix

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5
Q

what force can collagen withstand

A

tensile

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6
Q

what does 1 collagen trimer consist of

A

2 alpha 1 chains, 1 alpha 2 chain

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7
Q

name the 5 forms that collagen exists in during synthesis

A

preprocollagen, pro collagen, collagen, fibrils, fibres

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8
Q

what form of collagen is synthesized by RER

A

preprocollagen

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9
Q

what is the name of the triple helix of collagen

A

procollagen

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10
Q

function of registration peptides

A

maintain solubility of procollagen

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11
Q

which form of collagen has registration peptides

A

pro collagen (like bodyguards on a “pro”)

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12
Q

what happens to collagen in golgi

A

post-translational modification; soluble pro collagen packaged in vesicles -> cell surface -> exocytosis

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13
Q

where are pro collagen peptidases located

A

membrane-bound

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14
Q

how does pro collagen change when registration peptides cleaved

A

becomes insoluble collagen

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15
Q

what is collagen called when it aggregated extracellularly

A

fibrils

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16
Q

how are collagen fibrils attached

A

covalent cross-links

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17
Q

which type of collagen is most common and where is it found

A

collagen type I; tendons, ligaments, bone

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18
Q

which type of collagen does not form fibres, but remains as fibrils

A

collagen type 2

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19
Q

which collagen type = reticular fibres

A

type 3

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20
Q

which type of collagen does not get its registration peptides cleaved and what is the consequence

A

type 4; non-fibrillar; makes mesh-like sheet for basement membrane

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21
Q

which type of collagen anchors BM to underlying CT

A

type 7; anchoring fibrils

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22
Q

what is the function of reticular fibres

A

stroma (scaffolding) fr highly cellular organs

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23
Q

how many times their resting length can elastic fibres stretch to

A

1.5x

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24
Q

describe the composition of an elastic fibre

A

elastin fibres surrounded by fibrillar fibres

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25
how are elastic fibres connected
crosslinks
26
where might elastin be found in sheets, not fibres
aorta; arteries around heart
27
function of elastic fibres
resiliency; stretch and recoil
28
3 functions of ground substance
adhesion for cells, fibres; resists compression; medium for molecular diffusion between plasma and ICF
29
2 components of GS
tissue fluid + organic molecules
30
2 types of organic molecules in GS
proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins
31
name the 2 types of forces experienced by fluid in blood vessels
hydrostatic force (pushing out) and oncotic/osmotic force (pulling in)
32
what causes oncotic pressure
plasma proteins, mainly albumin (too big to exit BVs)
33
3 compartments of ECF
interstitial, intravascular, transcellular
34
how to determine movement of fluid across BV wall
vector sum of 2 pressures; hydrostatic and oncotic
35
what is another word for hydrostatic pressure
blood pressure
36
when BP > PO
fluid extravasated
37
when BP < PO
fluid moves into BV
38
which vessel has lowest hydrostatic P
lymphatic
39
is BP higher on arterial or venous side?
arterial; fluid leaves
40
venous side: BP __ OP
BP < OP; fluid into vessel
41
what is detected in lymph nodes
antigen, cancerous cells
42
function of lymph node
in line filter for lymph; limit spread of disease, infection
43
diameter of lymph node
2-10 mm
44
_fferent lymph is filtered
Afferent
45
where are lymph nodes numerous
axillae, groin, neck, mesenteries, mediastinum (thorax)
46
T or F: all lymph passes through 4 lymph nodes before venous
F; at least 1
47
why do lymph nodes become enlarged with infection
B cells proliferate
48
what 2 veins does lymph drain into
internal jugular vein; subclavian vein
49
what is the name of the vein where internal jugular and subclavian unite
brachiocephalic vein
50
what is edema
excess tissue fluid
51
2 general causes of edema
increased production of tissue fluid (more vascular permeability, less oncotic pressure) or decreased clearance (raised venous pressure (pregnancy), lymphatic obstruction (raises lymphatic pressure))
52
T or F: GAGs are flexible
F; inflexible like bristles of steel brush
53
GAGs are composed of repeating _______ units
disaccharide (unbranched)
54
why do GAGs make GS slippery & viscous
high negative charge => very hydrophilic
55
2 components of proteoglycan structure
GAGs + core protein
56
which molecule type makes GS slippery
proteoglycans
57
why can GS resist compression
proteoglycans; their GAGs hold water
58
what slows diffusion of molecules through interstitial fluid
proteoglycans (filter)
59
describe the composition of adhesive glycoproteins
proteins with carbohydrates bound
60
binding sites for what on adhesive glycoproteins
protein fibres, GAGs, integrins (cell membrane)
61
fibronectin, osteonectin, achondronectin, and laminin are all types of ____
adhesive glycoproteins
62
what stabilizes the ECM by linking its components to the cell surface
adhesive glycoproteins
63
T or F: basement membrane is acellular
T
64
what other types of cells does BM surround
smooth muscle, adipose, schwann
65
what types of collagen in BM
4 (mesh, non-fibrillar) and 7 (anchoring)
66
proteoglycan of basement membrane
heparan sulfate
67
adhesive glycoprotein of basement membrane
laminin
68
which tissue produces the BM components
both epithelia and CT
69
4 functions of BM
cell anchorage/support, filtration, scaffold for epithelial repair, binding smooth muscle cells together
70
embryonic origin of all CT cells
mesenchyme
71
what epithelial cells also derived from mesenchyme
endothelial, mesothelial
72
what components of CT do fibroblasts secrete
proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins, collagen, elastic fibres
73
embryonic origin of blood cells
mesenchyme
74
nucleus of active fibroblast is __
pale (like exhausted)
75
what cells have signet ring (thin cytoplasm, flat nucleus)
adipose; lipid droplet pushes everything to side
76
adipose tissue
tissue dominated by adipocytes
77
what cells have juxtanuclear halo and why
plasma cells; Golgi => pale
78
5 types of fixed cells
fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, mesenchymal stem cells
79
wandering cells
monocytes, lymphocytes, microphages (neutrophils, eosinophils)
80
2 cell types called "microphages"
neutrophils, eosinophils
81
what cell are platelets derived from
megakaryocyte
82
fxn of mast cells
storage chemical mediators of inflammation, hypersensitivity reactions
83
how are mast cells activated and what is the result
trauma, antigen ; release of granules
84
how are mast cells sensitized
antibodies against antigen bind receptors on mast cells' surface; degranulation if antigen binds the antibody
85
what kind of receptors on mast cell membrane
Fc
86
what 3 factors are released by mast cells
histamine (vasodilation, increased vascular permeability); neutrophil chemotactic factor, eosinophil chemotactic factor
87
``` macrophages: ____ ; liver ____; CNS _____; skin _____; bone ```
Kupffer; microglial; Langerhans; osteoclasts
88
what makes macrophages get larger
phagocytosis
89
which cells can leave the blood to function in CT
WBCs/leukocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)
90
2 types of specialized CT proper
reticular; adipose
91
2 types of supporting CT
cartilage; bone
92
what CT in mesentery
loose areolar CT
93
least specialized CT
loose areolar CT (many different components)
94
main collagen of dense R CT
collagen I
95
how many directions of tensile strength in dense R CT
1
96
what CT makes up aponeuroses
dense R CT; sheet (not cord) that attaches muscle
97
relative amount of GS, cells, cell types in dense regular CT
few
98
type of collagen in dense irregular CT
collagen type 1
99
how many directions of tensile force can dense irregular collagen withstand
many
100
example of dense irregular Ct
dermis ; reticular layer
101
relative amount of Gs, cells, cell types in dense irregular CT
few
102
what tissue type in perichondrium
dense irregular CT
103
T or F: elastic fibres are in both loose areolar CT and dense CT
T
104
without fibrillin, what does elastin form?
fenestrated sheets; lamellae
105
what cells produce elastin in the aorta
smooth muscle cells
106
what is the term for the elastin in the aorta and other blood vessels
lamellae
107
example of dense CT with elastin
ligamenta flava; elastic ligaments (vertebral column)
108
T or F: smooth muscle and bone marrow have reticular fibres
T
109
what forms stroma in adipose tissue
reticular fibres (type 3 collagen)
110
what tissue acts as the "styrofoam packing chips of the body"
adipose
111
what is stored in a single lipid droplet in adipose
triglycerides
112
3 functions of adipose
energy, thermal insulator, shock absorber
113
name 2 organs that are surrounded by adipose
eyes, kidney
114
T or F: adipose is not highly vascular
f; adipose is highly vascular

ANA300 (9 decks)

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