Networks and Their Basic Components Flashcards
1
Q
- Device end-user accesses the network with
- Workstation, laptop, tablet, smartphone, television, server, or other terminal devices
- Can be any device that connects to the network
A
Client
2
Q
Used to make connections between machines
A
Network
3
Q
Combines multiple types of traffic like data, video, and voice in a single network
A
Converged network
4
Q
5 9’s of availability that translates to 5 minutes of downtime per year (what percentage?)
A
99.999%
5
Q
- File sharing
- Video chatting
- Surfing the web
- Social media
- Streaming video
- Messaging
- VoIP
are all example of what?
A
Network traffic
6
Q
- Provides resources to the rest of the network
- Provides different functions, such as e-mail, web, file, chat, and print
- Can be dedicated hardware/software, or can be a device that is acting like a _______ for a particular function
A
Server
7
Q
- Older technology to connect networked devices, such as clients and servers
- Can be interconnected to provide more ports, but leads to increased network errors
- Receives information in one port and rebroadcasts it out to all the other ports
A
Hub
8
Q
- Device that allows wireless devices to connect into a wired network
- Commonly used in home, small business, and even some large enterprise networks
- Acts as a wireless hub
A
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
9
Q
- Connects networked devices such as clients and servers (essentially a next-generation or “smart” hub)
- Learns what devices are on which ports
- Only forwards traffic received from a port to the destination port based on the device’s MAC address
- Provides more security and efficiently uses available bandwidth
A
Switch
10
Q
- Connects two different networks together
- Intelligently forwards traffic to and from a network based on its logical address
- Most modern devices use IP address
A
Router
11
Q
- Connects two devices or a device to a port
- Made from copper cable, fibre optic cable, or radio frequency waves (WiFi)
- Each type has strengths and limitations, such as its available bandwidth, capacity, distance that can be covered, and cost to install/maintain
A
Media
12
Q
- Physically connects geographically dispersed networks together
- Numerous links are available: leased lines, DSL, cable, fibre optic, satellite, cellular, microwave, etc.
- Connects internal network to external networks, such as a SOHO network to Internet
A
Wide Area Network (WAN) Link
13
Q
- Uses a dedicated server to provide access to files, scanners, printers, and other resources
- Administration and backup are easier since resources are located on a few key servers
- Leading model used in business networks
Benefits:
- Centralized administration
- Easier management
- Better scalability
Drawbacks:
- Higher cost
- Requires dedicated resources
- Requires network operating system
A
Client/Server Model
14
Q
- PCs share resources (files/printers) with each other directly
- Administration and backup are more difficult since resources are located on many PCs, which adds to the administrative burden
- e.g. Napster
Benefits:
- Lower cost
- No dedicated resources required
- No specialized operating system required
Drawbacks:
- Decentralized management
- Inefficient for large networks
- Poor scalability
A
Peer-to-Peer Model
15
Q
- Smallest type of wired or wireless network
- Covers the least amount of area (few metres)
- Examples:
> Bluetooth cellphone to car
> USB hard drive to laptop
> Firewire video camera to computer
A
Personal Area Network (PAN)
16
Q
- Connects components in a limited distance
- Each segment is limited to short distances, such as 100 meters with CAT 5 cabling
- Consists of Ethernet (IEEE802.3) or WiFi networks (IEEE 802.11)
- Examples:
> Internal wired or wireless networks
> Small office
> Home
> One floor in an office building
A
Local Area Network (LAN)
17
Q
- Connects building-centric LANs across a university, industrial park, or business park
- Covers many square miles and buildings
- Examples:
> College campus
> Business parks
> Military bases
A
Campus Area Network (CAN)
18
Q
- Connects scattered locations across a city
- Larger than a CAN, but smaller than a WAN
- Covers up to a 25-mile radius in larger cities
- Examples:
> City departments like the police department
> Community college with campuses spread across a county
A
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
19
Q
- Connects geographically disparate internal networks
- Consists of leased lines or Virtual Private Networks tunneled over the Internet
- Covers distances around the country or around the world
- Doesn’t always have to be public
- Examples:
> The Internet (largest WAN)
> Connecting two private corporate networks from New York to Seattle
A
Wide Area Network (WAN)
20
Q
- IEEE 802.11
- Operates as infrastructure or ad hoc
A
WiFi
21
Q
IEEE 802.3
A
Ethernet
22
Q
Sort these network geographies from smallest to largest: MAN, PAN, WAN, LAN, CAN
A
Smallest ------------ PAN (around a person) LAN (room, house, floor of a building) CAN (campus or business park) MAN (city or county) WAN (country or worldwide) ------------ Largest
23
Q
- How devices are physically connected by media
A
Physical topology
24
Q
- How the actual traffic flows in the network
A
Logical topology
25
Q
- Uses a single cable running through an area that requires network connectivity
- Each devices “taps” into the cable using either a T connector or vampire tap
- Old technology, not commonly used anymore
- Devices on cable form single collision domain
A
Bus Topology
26
Q
- Uses a cable running in a circular loop
- Each device connects to the ring, but data travels in a singular direction
- FDDI (fibre networks) use two counter-rotations for redundancy
- On token networks, devices wait for a turn to communicate by passing a token
- Redundancy, redundancy, redundancy
A
Ring topology
27
Q
- Type of network that uses two counter-rotating rings for redundancy
A
FDDI (fibre networks)
28
Q
- FDDI (fibre networks) use two counter-rotating rings for what purpose?
A
Redundancy
29
Q
- Ring topology that uses an electric token to prevent collisions by requiring a device to hold the “token” when communicating on the network
A
Token ring topology
30
Q
- Most popular physical LAN topology
- Devices connect to a single point
- Most commonly used with Ethernet cabling, but wireless or fibre are also used
- If the central device fails, the entire network fails
A
Star topology
31
Q
- Used for connecting multiple sites
- Similar to star topologies, but with WAN links instead of LAN connections
- Not redundant; if central office fails, the whole network can fail
A
Hub-and-Spoke topology
32
Q
- Most redundant topology
- Every node connects to every other node
- Optimal routing is always available
- Very expensive to maintain and operate
- Number of connections
> x = n(n-1) /2
A
Full-Mesh topology
33
Q
- Hybrid of the full-mesh and the hub-and-spoke topologies
- Provides optimal routes between some sites, while avoiding the expense of connecting every site
- Must consider network traffic patterns to design it effectively
- Better redundancy than a single hub-and-spoke configuration
A
Partial-Mesh topology
34
Q
- Ring topology =
- FDDI ring
A
Redundancy
35
Q
- How do you calculate the number of connections in a full-mesh topology?
A
x = n(n-1) /2
36
Q
- Most common type of wireless network
- Requires centralized management
- Uses a wireless access point as a centralized point, like a star topology
- Supports wireless security controls
A
Infrastructure Mode
37
Q
- Decentralized wireless network
- No routers or access points are required
- Forwarding decisions for data on the network are made dynamically
- Allows creation/joining of networks “on-the-fly”
- Creates P2P connections
A
Ad Hoc Mode
38
Q
- Interconnection of different types of nodes, devices or radios
- Consists of clients, routers, and gateways
- Utilizes different radio frequencies to extend and expand access
- Reliable and redundant connections
- Examples:
> Disaster recovery areas
A
Wireless Mesh topology
39
Q
- 802.11 (WiFi)
- Bluetooth
- RFID
- NFC
- Infrared (IR)
- Z-Wave
- Ant+
A
IoT
40
Q
- Low energy use which allows for a mesh network
A
Bluetooth
41
Q
- Uses electromagnetic fields to read data stored in embedded tags
A
RFID
42
Q
- Enables two electronic devices to communicate within a 4cm range
A
NFC
43
Q
- Operates with line of sight (TV remotes)
A
Infrared (IR)
44
Q
- Provides short-range, low-latency data transfer at rates and power consumption lower than WiFi
- Used primarily for home automation
A
Z-Wave
45
Q
- Collection and transfer of sensory data
- Used with remote control systems (tire pressure, TVs, lights)
A
Ant+
