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Network+ > Networks and Their Basic Components > Flashcards

Networks and Their Basic Components Flashcards

1
Q
  • Device end-user accesses the network with
  • Workstation, laptop, tablet, smartphone, television, server, or other terminal devices
  • Can be any device that connects to the network
A

Client

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2
Q

Used to make connections between machines

A

Network

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3
Q

Combines multiple types of traffic like data, video, and voice in a single network

A

Converged network

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4
Q

5 9’s of availability that translates to 5 minutes of downtime per year (what percentage?)

A

99.999%

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5
Q
  • File sharing
  • Video chatting
  • Surfing the web
  • Social media
  • Streaming video
  • E-mail
  • Messaging
  • VoIP

are all example of what?

A

Network traffic

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6
Q
  • Provides resources to the rest of the network
  • Provides different functions, such as e-mail, web, file, chat, and print
  • Can be dedicated hardware/software, or can be a device that is acting like a _______ for a particular function
A

Server

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7
Q
  • Older technology to connect networked devices, such as clients and servers
  • Can be interconnected to provide more ports, but leads to increased network errors
  • Receives information in one port and rebroadcasts it out to all the other ports
A

Hub

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8
Q
  • Device that allows wireless devices to connect into a wired network
  • Commonly used in home, small business, and even some large enterprise networks
  • Acts as a wireless hub
A

Wireless Access Point (WAP)

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9
Q
  • Connects networked devices such as clients and servers (essentially a next-generation or “smart” hub)
  • Learns what devices are on which ports
  • Only forwards traffic received from a port to the destination port based on the device’s MAC address
  • Provides more security and efficiently uses available bandwidth
A

Switch

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10
Q
  • Connects two different networks together
  • Intelligently forwards traffic to and from a network based on its logical address
  • Most modern devices use IP address
A

Router

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11
Q
  • Connects two devices or a device to a port
  • Made from copper cable, fibre optic cable, or radio frequency waves (WiFi)
  • Each type has strengths and limitations, such as its available bandwidth, capacity, distance that can be covered, and cost to install/maintain
A

Media

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12
Q
  • Physically connects geographically dispersed networks together
  • Numerous links are available: leased lines, DSL, cable, fibre optic, satellite, cellular, microwave, etc.
  • Connects internal network to external networks, such as a SOHO network to Internet
A

Wide Area Network (WAN) Link

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13
Q
  • Uses a dedicated server to provide access to files, scanners, printers, and other resources
  • Administration and backup are easier since resources are located on a few key servers
  • Leading model used in business networks

Benefits:

  • Centralized administration
  • Easier management
  • Better scalability

Drawbacks:

  • Higher cost
  • Requires dedicated resources
  • Requires network operating system
A

Client/Server Model

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14
Q
  • PCs share resources (files/printers) with each other directly
  • Administration and backup are more difficult since resources are located on many PCs, which adds to the administrative burden
  • e.g. Napster

Benefits:

  • Lower cost
  • No dedicated resources required
  • No specialized operating system required

Drawbacks:

  • Decentralized management
  • Inefficient for large networks
  • Poor scalability
A

Peer-to-Peer Model

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15
Q
  • Smallest type of wired or wireless network
  • Covers the least amount of area (few metres)
  • Examples:
    > Bluetooth cellphone to car
    > USB hard drive to laptop
    > Firewire video camera to computer
A

Personal Area Network (PAN)

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16
Q
  • Connects components in a limited distance
  • Each segment is limited to short distances, such as 100 meters with CAT 5 cabling
  • Consists of Ethernet (IEEE802.3) or WiFi networks (IEEE 802.11)
  • Examples:
    > Internal wired or wireless networks
    > Small office
    > Home
    > One floor in an office building
A

Local Area Network (LAN)

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17
Q
  • Connects building-centric LANs across a university, industrial park, or business park
  • Covers many square miles and buildings
  • Examples:
    > College campus
    > Business parks
    > Military bases
A

Campus Area Network (CAN)

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18
Q
  • Connects scattered locations across a city
  • Larger than a CAN, but smaller than a WAN
  • Covers up to a 25-mile radius in larger cities
  • Examples:
    > City departments like the police department
    > Community college with campuses spread across a county
A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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19
Q
  • Connects geographically disparate internal networks
  • Consists of leased lines or Virtual Private Networks tunneled over the Internet
  • Covers distances around the country or around the world
  • Doesn’t always have to be public
  • Examples:
    > The Internet (largest WAN)
    > Connecting two private corporate networks from New York to Seattle
A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

20
Q
  • IEEE 802.11

- Operates as infrastructure or ad hoc

A

WiFi

21
Q

IEEE 802.3

A

Ethernet

22
Q

Sort these network geographies from smallest to largest: MAN, PAN, WAN, LAN, CAN

A 
Smallest
------------
PAN (around a person)
LAN (room, house, floor of a building)
CAN (campus or business park)
MAN (city or county)
WAN (country or worldwide)
------------
Largest
23
Q
  • How devices are physically connected by media
A

Physical topology

24
Q
  • How the actual traffic flows in the network
A

Logical topology

25
Q
  • Uses a single cable running through an area that requires network connectivity
  • Each devices “taps” into the cable using either a T connector or vampire tap
  • Old technology, not commonly used anymore
  • Devices on cable form single collision domain
A

Bus Topology

26
Q
  • Uses a cable running in a circular loop
  • Each device connects to the ring, but data travels in a singular direction
  • FDDI (fibre networks) use two counter-rotations for redundancy
  • On token networks, devices wait for a turn to communicate by passing a token
  • Redundancy, redundancy, redundancy
A

Ring topology

27
Q
  • Type of network that uses two counter-rotating rings for redundancy
A

FDDI (fibre networks)

28
Q
  • FDDI (fibre networks) use two counter-rotating rings for what purpose?
A

Redundancy

29
Q
  • Ring topology that uses an electric token to prevent collisions by requiring a device to hold the “token” when communicating on the network
A

Token ring topology

30
Q
  • Most popular physical LAN topology
  • Devices connect to a single point
  • Most commonly used with Ethernet cabling, but wireless or fibre are also used
  • If the central device fails, the entire network fails
A

Star topology

31
Q
  • Used for connecting multiple sites
  • Similar to star topologies, but with WAN links instead of LAN connections
  • Not redundant; if central office fails, the whole network can fail
A

Hub-and-Spoke topology

32
Q
  • Most redundant topology
  • Every node connects to every other node
  • Optimal routing is always available
  • Very expensive to maintain and operate
  • Number of connections
    > x = n(n-1) /2
A

Full-Mesh topology

33
Q
  • Hybrid of the full-mesh and the hub-and-spoke topologies
  • Provides optimal routes between some sites, while avoiding the expense of connecting every site
  • Must consider network traffic patterns to design it effectively
  • Better redundancy than a single hub-and-spoke configuration
A

Partial-Mesh topology

34
Q
  • Ring topology =

- FDDI ring

A

Redundancy

35
Q
  • How do you calculate the number of connections in a full-mesh topology?
A

x = n(n-1) /2

36
Q
  • Most common type of wireless network
  • Requires centralized management
  • Uses a wireless access point as a centralized point, like a star topology
  • Supports wireless security controls
A

Infrastructure Mode

37
Q
  • Decentralized wireless network
  • No routers or access points are required
  • Forwarding decisions for data on the network are made dynamically
  • Allows creation/joining of networks “on-the-fly”
  • Creates P2P connections
A

Ad Hoc Mode

38
Q
  • Interconnection of different types of nodes, devices or radios
  • Consists of clients, routers, and gateways
  • Utilizes different radio frequencies to extend and expand access
  • Reliable and redundant connections
  • Examples:
    > Disaster recovery areas
A

Wireless Mesh topology

39
Q
  • 802.11 (WiFi)
  • Bluetooth
  • RFID
  • NFC
  • Infrared (IR)
  • Z-Wave
  • Ant+
A

IoT

40
Q
  • Low energy use which allows for a mesh network
A

Bluetooth

41
Q
  • Uses electromagnetic fields to read data stored in embedded tags
A

RFID

42
Q
  • Enables two electronic devices to communicate within a 4cm range
A

NFC

43
Q
  • Operates with line of sight (TV remotes)
A

Infrared (IR)

44
Q
  • Provides short-range, low-latency data transfer at rates and power consumption lower than WiFi
  • Used primarily for home automation
A

Z-Wave

45
Q
  • Collection and transfer of sensory data

- Used with remote control systems (tire pressure, TVs, lights)

A

Ant+

Network+ (15 decks)

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