Media and Cabling Distribution Flashcards
What are the three categories of media?
Copper, fibre optic, wireless
Which type of media?
- Inner
> Insulated conductor or center wire passes data
- Outer
> Braided metal shield used to help shield and protect the data transmission
> Provides EMI resistance due to shielding
Coaxial Cable (Coax) / copper
What are the layers of a Coaxial cable?
Centre core, dielectric insulator, metallic shield, plastic jacket
What are the two types of Coaxial cables?
RG-6 (thicker), RG-59 (thinner)
RG-6 is a type of what kind media?
Coaxial cable (copper)
RG-59 is a type of what kind of media?
Coaxial cable (copper)
What type of cable is commonly used by local cable companies to connect individual homes?
RG-6
Coaxial cable, copper
What type of cable is used to carry composite video between two nearby devices? Example: TV to the cable box
RG-59 (Coaxial cable, copper)
What are the two types of Coaxial connectors?
BNC, F-connector
What type of Coaxial cable was used for 10BASE2 Ethernet networks?
BNC connector
What type of Coaxial connector is typically used for cable TV and cable modem connections?
F-connector
What type of cable?
- Most popular physical LAN media type
- Eight individually insulated strands of copper wire inside each cable
- Each pair twisted together to reduce EMI
> Tight twists = less EMI
- Types:
> Unshielded
> ShieldedTwisted Pair Cable
- Number of twists determines how much EMI can be blocked
> CAT 6 has more twists per inch than CAT 5 - Cheaper
- Media of choice in most LANs
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
- Wires are twisted in pairs and surrounded in a metallic shielding to minimize EMI
- Outer shielding minimizes EMI, but makes it more expensive
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
What are the types of twisted pair connectors?
RJ-45, RJ-11, DB-9 or DB-25 (RS-232)
Which twisted pair connector?
- 8-pin connector in Ethernet networks
- Most Ethernet use only 4-pins
RJ-45
Which twisted pair connector?
- 6-pin connector
- Commonly only 2 or 4 pins are used
- Commonly found in telephone systems
RJ-11
Which twisted pair connector?
- 9-pin or 25-pin D-subminiature
- Used for asynchronous serial communications and connecting to an external modem
DB-9 or DB-25 (RS-232)
What are the twisted-pair cable throughputs?
What type of cable?
- Both ends of the cable have matching pin outs
- T-568B is the preferred standard for wiring a building if no pre-existing pattern is used
- Data Terminating Equipment (DTE) to Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
> Computer to Switch
> Router to modem
Straight-through patch cables
What is the preferred standard for wiring a building if no pre-existing pattern is used?
T-568B
What type of cable?
- Send and receive pins of the cable are swapped in the end pin outs
- Used to connect a workstation to a workstation
- Used to connect a switch to a switch
> Not required if a switch supports MDIX
Crossover cables
- TIA/EIA-568A and TIA/EIA-568B are standard
- Orange and green pairs swap
Pinouts (568A/568B)
What type of cable?
- Special UTP/STP cable that has a fire-retardant outer insulator
> Minimizes dangerous fumes if cable on fire
> Safe for use in ceilings, walls, and raised floors
Plenum cable
What type of cable?
- Also known as PVC
- Normal UTP/STP rated cable
- Cannot be used in raised floors, ceiling, or walls
Non-plenum cable
What are two examples of DTE (data terminating equipment) to DCE (data communications equipment)?
- Computer to switch
- Router to modem
- Automated way to electronically simulate a crossover connector. i.e. if your switch doesn’t support this, you have to use a crossover cable to connect to another switch
MDIX
Pinouts (568A/568B) for a crossover cable
Which type of media?
- Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a glass fiber
> Immune to EMI
> Uses light instead of electricity
- Greater range (many miles)
- Greater data-carrying capacity (measured in Tbps)
Fibre optic cables
Benefits of which type of cable?
- Greater range (many miles)
- Greater data-carrying capacity (measured in Tbps)
Fibre optic cable
What are the two types of fibre optic cables?
- Multimode fibre (MMF)
- Single-mode fibre (SMF)
Which type of cable?
- Shorter distances
- Larger core size allows for multiple modes of travel for the light signal
- Core size: 6.25 microns
- Common uses:
> Routers to switches
> Switches to switches
> Servers to switchesMultimode fibre (MMF)
Which type of cable?
- Longer distances
- Smaller core size allows for only a single mode of travel for the light signal
- Core size: 10 microns
- Common uses:
> Routers to switches
> Switches to switchesSingle-mode fibre (SMF)
What is the core size of single-mode fibre cable?
10 microns
What is the core size of multimode fibre cable?
62.5 microns
What are the four types of fibre optic connectors?
SC - subscriber connector
ST - straight tip connector
LC - lucent connector
MTRJ - mechanical transfer-registered jack
Which connector goes with which?
UPC - ultra physical contact connector - goes with MTRJ connector
APC - angled physical contact connector - goes with SC connector
The following are advantages of which type of cable?
- Higher bandwidth
- Longer distances
- Immune to EMI
- Better security
Fibre optic
The following are advantages of which type of cable?
- Less expensive
- Easy to install
- Inexpensive toola
Copper
- Used to convert media from one format to another
- Layer 1 device
> Physical conversion of signal only - Examples:
> Ethernet to Fibre Optic
> Fibre optic to Ethernet
> Coaxial to fibre
> Fibre to coaxial
Media converters
What is a device that sends and receives data?
Transceiver
Which type of transceiver?
- Devices take turns communicating
- Known as half-duplex
Bi-directional
Which type of transceiver?
- Devices take turns communicating
- Known as bi-directional
Half-duplex
Which type of transceiver?
- Devices can both communicate at the same time
(Full) Duplex
Which type of transceiver?
- Standard, hot-pluggable gigabit Ethernet transceiver (copper or fibre)
GBIC
Which type of transceiver?
- Compact, hot-pluggable optical module transceiver
- Support up to 4.25 Gbps
- Known as Mini-GBIC
Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP)
Which type of transceiver?
- Enhanced SFP
- Support up to 16 Gbps
SFP+
Which type of transceiver?
- Compact, hot-pluggable optical module transceiver
- Support up to 4.25 Gbps
- Known as SFP
Mini-GBIC
Which type of transceiver?
- Compact, hot-pluggable optical module transceiver
- Supports up to 100 Gbps
Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP)
- Use an organized system that is hierarchical
- Components:
> Entrance facilities
> MDF - main distribution frame
> Cross-connect facilities
> IDF - intermediate distribution frame
> Backbone wiring
> Telecommunications closet
> Horizontal wiring
> Patch panels
> Work area
Cable distribution system
What are the two types of Punch Down Blocks?
66 block, 110 block
66 block and 110 block are two types of what?
Punch down blocks
Which punch down block?
- Used for phones and older LAN wiring
- Causes crosstalk due to proximity of cables
- Bad choice for higher speed LAN wiring
> Do not use for CAT 5 or above66 block
Which punch down block?
- Used for higher-speed network wiring
> Required for CAT 5 or above cabling
110 block
Which type of patch panel?
- Device with jacks to connect wiring from the jack to a network switch in a flexible manner
- Back has punch downs like a 110 block to connect wiring to wall jacks in building
- Front has RJ-45 jacks
Copper patch panel
Which type of patch panel?
- Connect fibre jacks throughout building to a single patch panel in network closet
- Front uses patch cables to connect to different wall jacks and switch ports
Fibre patch panel
- Use on cable distribution network is to find breaks in the wire or to identify and document the network
Fox and hound / Toner probe
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- Where the cable enters the building, i.e. from your telecom provider, like fibre or cable connection
Entrance facility
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- Goes to the main communications centre
Main distribution frame
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- e.g. vertical going from first floor up to second floor
Cross-connect facilities
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- e.g. sitting on a second floor telecommunications closet which is the facility that is going to take care of that particular floor
Intermediate distribution frame
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- e.g. going across either horizontally or vertically throughout the networks
Backbone wiring
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- Where the patch panels, switches, and routers reside
Telecommunications closet
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- Goes out from the telecommunications closet and the intermediate distribution frame out to work centres to the jacks that are in the walls
Horizontal wiring
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- Connect horizontal wires back to this, which can then be pushed into switches
- All of this sits inside the telecommunications closet
Patch panels
Which component of the cable distribution system?
- Where the end user is going to be operating
Work area
Where are punch down blocks located?
Either in main or intermediate distribution frame
