Networks

Question 1

How can the structure of the internet allow users from other countries access to the website ?

Answer 1

Networks between continents are connected through dedicated connections known as internet back end.

Question 2

Explain the relationship between the domain name and the IP address?

Answer 2

The domain is registered with the IP address,when a host sends a domain name service request the IP address is returned.

Question 3

why are websites not addressed purely by their IP address?

Answer 3

This is because humans cant remmeber the IP address of thousands of websites.

Question 4

what is Packet switching ?

Answer 4

packet switching breaks streams of data into smaller blocks , each sent independently of one another. each node goes into a less congested direction . packets can take different routes to their destination and may arrive out of order.

packet switch is more affordable and efficient than circuit switching as all bandwidth can be used, and it requires less infrastructure.

Question 5

what is a firewall and describe its role?

Answer 5

A Firewall inspects packets to find the port they are attempting to access through, if the port is blocked, the packet is rejected.

Question 6

Describe methods used to maintain the security of a network ?

Answer 6

• Proxy server - this enables anonymous surfing
• Anti - virus - Software viruses for entering system

Question 7

Describe the role of each of the four layers of the IP/TCP stack

Answer 7

Application layer- Network applications are held here
Transport layer - sets up communication between two hosts
Internet layer- uses IP protocol to address and packages data for transmission routes across a network
Link layer - This facilitates the transmission of binary, adds the mac address to the physical network

Question 8

What is a domain name system (DNS)

Answer 8

The (DNS) maintains a directory of the domain names and translates them into IP(internet Protocol)

Question 9

what is a Local Area Network? (LAN)

what is a Wide area network? (WAN)

Answer 9

A collection of computing devices, on the same network, which is close together e.g all located in the same building.

A wide area network is a collection of devices on the same network, but far apart from each other

Question 10

what is an IP address?

Answer 10

a series of numbers that identifies any device on a network. e.g
12.132.259.465

Question 11

what is a bus topology?

Adv and dis-adv?

Answer 11

A bus topology is an arrangement where nodes are connected in a daisy chain by a single central communications channel.

ADV:
-in-expensive
-devices can be easily added
-good for smaller networks

dis-adv :
-main cable is a point of failure
-poor security
-performance degrades as more devices are added to the network

Question 12

what is a star topology?

adv and dis-adv?

Answer 12

A star topology is an arrangement where a central node/hub provides a common connection point for all other nodes.

ADV:
-easy to isolate problems
- good performance
-more secure if a switch is used as data is sent only to the recipient

Dis-adv:
-can be expensive to setup
-central device point of failure

Question 13

what is a physical topology?
what is a logical topology?

Answer 13

The physical topology of a network defines how the devices are physically connected.
The logical topology of a network defines how the devices communicates across the physical topolgiees

Question 14

what is a Wireless Acess Point (WAP)

Answer 14

this allows devices to connect to the internet , the Wap requires a connection to a router and the router requires a connection to the internet.

Question 15

what is a protocol?

what is a TCP/IP stack ?

Answer 15

a protocol are a set of rules , that allow two devices to communicate

a protocol that allows only network to communicate with each other

Question 16

what is a client server model ?

what is a peer to peer model?

Answer 16

A client-server model is when computer communicates with each other through a server, which receive request protocols.
(requires more memory )

a peer to peer model is a decentralised model in which, each party has the same capabilities, data can be accessed without a server,

Question 17

what is a gateway ?

Answer 17

a gateway is required where data is travelling from one network to another using different protocols

Question 18

what is circuit switching ?

Answer 18

circuit switching created a temporary and dedicated link of fixed bandwidth between the source and destination, this only lasts until transmission is complete.

with dedicated bandwidth this ensures good quality

Question 19

what is a client-server network model ?

what are the advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 19

The client server netork is a model where clients share a the service of a common server

best suited in organisations

adv:
easier to manage file security
easier to backup shared data
easier to install software

dis-adv:
can be expensive to set up and maintain
requires IT specialists to maintain
the server is a single point of failure

Question 20

what is peer to peer model?

ADV and Dis-adv

Answer 20

a peer to peer model are a network of computers that are all equal to each other , where peers serve their own files to each other. these are best suited in smaller organisations where users need fewer access to the same data

adv:
very easy to maintain
no dependency on a single computer
cheap to set up
no expensive hardware

dis-adv:
the network is less secure
users will need to manage their own backup s

Question 21

list ways in which a system can be prevented from being hacked ?

Answer 21

-proxy
-anti-malware
-encryption
- firewalls
-secure password systems