Last min paper 1 notes Flashcards
What is meant by the term register
A temporary storsge space within the cpu, which may have a specific purpose
What devices would use cisc or risc
Risc = portable device (phone\tablet)
cisc = desktop\laptop
What are the benefits and limitations of parallel processing?
Benefits:
-makes maximum use of cpu
-execute code more efficient
-processing large amounts of data quicker
limitations:
-hardware is more expensive
-not all data is suitable
Why would a self service system have its boot system stored in ROM?
-Rom leads to faster start-up times
- operating system is unlikely to be altered with
What is interpreted language and compiled and advantages?
Interpreted language is translated from low level language to machine code, this is translated line by line
-easily spots errors
-no need to wait full compilation
compiled language is high level language to machine code this is translated in its entirety
-runs more quickly than interpreted
-can run without viewing
-
What is lexical Analysis?
Unecessary spaces are removed
source code is broken into tables
unnecessary spaces are removed
What is syntax analysis?
Order of tokens is checked to see whether the rules of the language are being followed,
parse tree is produced
What is semantic analysis?
Checks that all variables used have been declared
checks that the operations are legal
checks that the data is assigned to appropriate data types
Describe the role of linkers and loaders?
A linker combines multiple code objects and libraries into a single executable file , a loader is an operating system component that loads programs Into main memory
why is a record more appropriate than an array for storing data?
An array cant store multiple data types , whereas a record can
what are the benefirts of using an open source code?
free of cost
can tailor the program to their specific needs
can open for bugs to be opened and fixed
what are the three basic programming constructs?
-Branching(selection)j
-sequence
-iteration
What are functions? And examples
Functions returns a value
examples are :
int
print
input
What is optical storage ? and its characteristics
-This is binary stored as variations on the surface of a dick,
this can be read from the lands and the pits of the surface area of a disk.
-Data is written with a laser
small capacity
good portability
easily damaged
what is magnetic storage? and it charactersitcs
This consists of data magnetic hard drives and magnetic tapes, this understands data through electromagnets. parts of the surface are magnetised or demagnetised.
large capacity
cheap to buy
not durable
not portable
what is a SSD ?
An SSD is a storage device through semi-conductors
small capacity compared to magnetic storage
very fast and reliable
expensive
what is a damping factor ?
This is a value between 1 and 0 , this is the probability the user will not follow the link
factors that effect the page rank algorithim?
number of links to the target site
the page rank of sites linking inwards
how is a website indexed in the search engine ?
The system sends ‘web crawlers’ that continous search the www, for information that is relevant such as meta tags.This records the information then stores them in an index, then follows the link to the target page.
what does ACID stand for and what does each mean
A-atomicity- The entire transaction must finish
C- consistency - helps ensures is in its correct state
I-isolation - concurrent execution
D-durability - non volite, even when the system has a failure it must still save it and function
Describe what is lexical anaysis and syntax analysis
Lexical- This is the process of removing white space and coder comments, through scanning the source code, left to right and placing keywords into a symbol table, to keep track of the subroutine. This also creates tokens.
syntax analysis- This is the process of checking the code and making sure that it makes sense to the computer system, this creates an abstract syntax tree , and if an error of code is spotted it will flag up
what are the stages of compilation?
Lexical
syntax
code generation
code optimisation
what is code generation and code optimisation?
code generation - This is the process of converting the abstract code tree into object code
code optimisation- This is the process of removing redundant code and making it more effecting to run with less memory
what is record locking ?
dis advantages
This is the process of locking data in a record to minimise is access to users, an example would be locking tickets to potential buyers for 10 mins.
DeadLock
wait time
list a few methods of echaning data
CSV
XML
SQL
JSON
what is a similarity between ASCII code and UNICODE?
what are differences between asci and uni code ?
A similairty is that ascii code and unicode both use binary to represent character sets
-UNI code can represents symbols whereas ascii cant
-ascii has fewer characters whereas unicode has more characters
-asci has 7bits whereas unicode has 16 bits ,
What is a D-type flip flop ?
and state its purpose
what are the inputs and outputs
A D-type flip flop is a positive edge triggered flip flop circuit
The purpose is that it is used for intermediate storage of arithmetic calculations
clock signal and data
